Perfeccionismo e insatisfacción corporal en los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria

Abstract

Background: There is an important relationship between perfectionism (P), body dissatisfaction (BD) and eating disorders (ED). Objective: To describe the evidence about P and/or BD within the clinical course of ED. Method: A review of specialized textbooks and the available literature in PubMed was made. Two descriptive case reports are analyzed. Results: Socially prescribed and self-oriented dimensions of P were related to ED attitudes and specially restrictive behaviors, mediating and moderating the association between BD and ED. BD and P are intrapersonal risk factors in the development of an ED. BD shares about 10% of genetic variability with P and both increase the appearance comparative assessment, mainly within a higher western acculturation, drive for thinness, a maladaptative stress response, a low self-esteem, the severity of the disorder, depressive symptomatology, sports that emphasize a slim body shape, comorbidities (personality, anxiety and/or affective disorders), alexithymia and lack of assertiveness. Conclusions: According to the evidence, BD and P, although unspecific, are core characteristics of ED as predisposing, triggering and/or perpetuating factors that significantly influence its treatment and outcome.

Diferencias de personalidad y en variables psicológicas relacionadas con el riesgo de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria

“…The relationship of perfectionism with a higher risk of later ED development has been confirmed (López & Treasure, 2011;Pamies & Quiles, 2014). Likewise, high levels of perfectionism have been affirmed in the development of bulimic symptomatology when combined with the percep-tion of being overweight (Vohs et al, 2001), that along with perceived weight and self-esteem, can prospectively predict the development of bulimic symptoms in young women (Bardone-Cone, Abramson, Vohs, Heatherton, & Joiner, 2006), and that socially prescribed and self-oriented perfectionism is significantly associated with attitudes and behaviors compatible with ED, mainly restrictive, categorizing as a mediator and moderator of the relationship between body image and ED (Behar, Gramegna, & Arancibia, 2014;Pamies & Quiles, 2014). In addition, in studies on personality profiles of the different ED, perfectionism appears in the profile of anorexia, bulimia and binge eating disorder (Cassin & von Ranson, 2005).…”

Alteraciones en la voz de las pacientes con anorexia nerviosa restrictiva: un estudio piloto

“…Está descrito que la baja autoestima es una variable frecuente entre las pacientes con ANR (Asuero et al, 2012;Behar et al, 2014;Cervera et al, 2003;Dunkley y Grilo, 2007;Sassaroli y Ruggiero,…”

“…Thus, this pathology appears to alter the stabilization of the voice tone. 4) It is known that patients who suffer from AN-R usually have a low self-esteem (Asuero, Avargues, Martin y Borda, 2012;Behar, Gramegna y Arancibia, 2014;Cervera et al, 2003;Dunkley y Grilo, 2007;Sassaroli y Ruggiero, 2005), and that shrill voice is perceived usually as less secure and credible than normal voice (Rodero, 2002). In this study we have reported that AN-R patients described their voice as shrill more often than the control group (Figure 4).…”

“…Así, con un mismo contenido en la información, dependiendo del uso que hagamos del tono de voz y del lenguaje corporal, podemos llegar a tener una probabilidad de convencer al interlocutor del 93% (Ribeiro y Bastanzo, 1994). De todo ello se desprende que la voz forma parte de nuestra identidad y la percepción que tenemos de nosotros mismos, por lo que una percepción negativa de la voz conlleva, necesariamente, una mayor insatisfacción personal y menor autoestima, a la vez que facilita el mayor aislamiento personal, lo que en las pacientes con TCA (ANR) supone un problema añadido a la ya baja autoestima característica de esta patología (Asuero, Avargues, Martin y Borda, 2012;Behar, Gramegna y Arancibia, 2014;Cervera et al, 2003;Dunkley y Grilo, 2007;Sassaroli y Ruggiero, 2005).…”

Perfeccionismo de las madres y su relación con los rasgos predisponentes de los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria en hijas adolescentes

“…Modifica los criterios para la Anorexia Nervosa (AN) (F50.0), la Bulimia Nerviosa (BN) (F.50.2), reconociendo al Trastorno por Atracón como un TCA especifico (F 50.8). Propone una lista de otros trastornos como el trastorno dismórfico muscular, el trastorno evitativo/restrictivo de la ingesta alimentaria, pica, rumiación, AN atípica, BN sub-umbral, trastorno por atracones sub-umbral, trastorno purgativo y síndrome del comer nocturno a ser mencionados en la categoría Trastorno de alimentación y de la ingestión no especificado (Behar y Arancibia, 2014).…”