“…The predictive relevance of blood viscosity in the literature has been suspected to be intrinsically germane to many disease processes. Types of problems where blood viscosity appears to play some pathophysiologic role include immunologic diseases ( Gudmundsson et al, 1993 ), inflammatory diseases ( Nwose, 2010 ), hemolytic anemias ( Bowers et al, 2013 , 2018 ; Kucukal et al, 2020 ), hearing loss ( Hildesheimer et al, 1990 ; Garcia Callejo et al, 2006 ), diabetes ( Nakanishi et al, 2004 ; Richards and Nwose, 2010 ; Schiapaccassa et al, 2019 ), renal disorders ( Jung et al, 2017 ), sickle cell disease ( Klug et al, 1974 ), and cerebrovascular disease ( Song et al, 2017 ). However, the association between cardiovascular disease and blood viscosity has been looked at most extensively throughout the literature ( Lowe, 1992 ; Kenyeres et al, 2008 ; Chevalier et al, 2013 ; Buyan et al, 2017 ; Celik et al, 2017 ; Peters et al, 2017 ; Sloop et al, 2018 ; Cekirdekci and Bugan, 2020 ; Engin and Guvenc, 2020 ).…”