Perfil diferencial de trastornos de personalidad en el consumo de drogas y maltrato

Abstract

ResumenExiste evidencia empírica que demuestra la relación entre patrones de personalidad, tipos de delitos violentos y consumo de drogas o alcohol. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo examinar la tasa de prevalencia de trastornos de personalidad en prisión (consumidores de drogas y maltratadores), utilizando como grupo control población encarcelada sin este tipo de delitos. Participaron en este estudio 45 hombres del Centro Penitenciario de Albolote (Granada) (15 consumidores de drogas, 15 maltratadores y 15 controles) que fueron seleccionados mediante la Escala de Severidad de la Adicción (EUROPASI; Bobes et al., 1996) y la Escala de Tácticas de Conflicto (CTS2; Strauss et al., 1996). Para evaluar los trastornos de personalidad se utilizó el Inventario Clínico Multiaxial de Millon. Encontramos que el grupo de consumo de drogas puntúa más alto en los trastornos de personalidad histriónico, antisocial, límite y agresivo-sádico en comparación con el grupo de maltrato y control y que el grupo de maltrato puntúa más alto en el trastorno de personalidad dependiente en comparación con el grupo de drogas y control. Nuestros resultados resaltan la necesidad de tener en cuenta la existencia de trastornos de personalidad en población clínica con el fin de diseñar estrategias de intervención y prevención para el consumo de drogas y el maltrato. AbstractThere is empirical evidence showing the relationship between personality disorders, violence crime and substance abuse problem. This study aims to examine the prevalence of personality disorders in prison populations (drug abusers and abusers), using as a control group a population imprisoned without these types of crimes. The participants were 45 men within the prison in Albolote (Granada) (15 drug abusers, 15 abusers and 15 control) and were selected following the Severity Addiction Scale (EUROPASI; Bobes et al., 1996) and the Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2; Strauss et al., 1996). The Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory was used to assess personality disorders. We found that drug abusers had higher scores than abusers and controls in histrionic, antisocial, borderline and aggressive-sadistic, and abusers had higher scores than drug abusers and controls in dependent personality disorder. Our results highlight the need to take into account the existence of personality disorders in clinical population in order to design prevention and intervention strategies for drug abuse and domestic violence.

Adverse Childhood Events and Substance Misuse in Men Who Perpetrated Intimate Partner Violence

“…The percentages show a problem not only for the health of those who consumed substances in excess, but also the risk that this consumption implies for the prevalence and severity of domestic violence against women. These percentages pose a problem not just for the health of the participants who abused substances, but also in terms of the risk this abuse presents for the prevalence and severity of intimate partner violence (Arteaga et al, 2015; Castillo-Fernández et al, 2016; Fernández-Montalvo & Echeburúa, 1997; Foran & O’leary, 2008; Gil-González et al, 2006; Grann & Wedin, 2002; Leonard et al, 2017; Stuart et al, 2008). Furthermore, alcohol consumption among the assailants in the sample is above the rate of consumption for this substance in other studies with men convicted of violence against women (Arteaga et al, 2015; Grann & Wedin, 2002; Torres et al, 2013), and much higher than the rate found in men in the general Spanish population, which is 1.2% (Gual et al, 2016).…”

“…On the other hand, some meta-analyses show a consistent relationship between alcohol abuse and violence against women, given that excessive consumption of alcohol increases the probability of episodes of violence against women by 4.6 times compared to low consumption or abstinence(Foran & O’leary, 2008; Gil-González et al, 2006). Substance abuse seems to reduce inhibitions around violence, decreasing fear of risky situations and the feelings of guilt that would arise without that consumption (Castillo-Fernández et al, 2016). In a study by Grann and Wedin (2002) carried out with 88 men convicted of crimes of intimate partner violence, 51% of the assailants had substance abuse problems.…”

“…Some studies report that one of the best predictors of abandonment of intervention programs with aggressors, and therefore of violent recidivism, is substance use (Lila et al, 2016). However, it seems to have been shown that substance use and violence constitute two serious social problems, complex and difficult to address from any scientific perspective (Castillo-Fernández et al, 2016).…”

Comportamiento delictivo y trastorno mental: valoración forense en victimarios españoles en la última década

“…A esto se le añade la consideración que autores como Echeburúa (2018) hacen sobre la posible asociación de diferentes psicopatologías con comportamientos violentos, como pueden ser algunos trastornos psicóticos, alcoholismo y otras toxicomanías, trastornos depresivos, parafilias, reacciones postraumáticas, discapacidad intelectual, demencias y trastornos de personalidad. Y es que existen evidencias sobre la asociación entre distintos patrones de personalidad, tipos de delitos violentos cometidos y el consumo de alcohol u otras sustancias psicoactivas (Castillo et al, 2016).…”