“…This trend of population involvement relevant to the workforce is also presented in other studies, such as the one by Estrada and Leon (2018), who found that the most affected age group was between 25 and 39 years (37.97%)8 .A male prevalence was also demonstrated among the thoracic trauma victims evaluated, totaling 86.13% of the cases. Our data agree with the study byQueiroz et al (2021), which analyzed the population of the Brazilian state of Sergipe and found a prevalence of 84.2% of male patients among victims of thoracic trauma9 . This result suggests that men are more prone to traumatic events, a fact justified by sociocultural aspects, resulting in greater aggressiveness in driving vehicles10 , and an influence of other factors, such as speeding and physical confrontations, associated with alcohol abuse9 .As for trauma severity classification, the ISS, introduced in 1974, is the most commonly used score, both because of the professionals' habit of applying it, and because many studies have not shown any significant difference between the ISS and the NISS in predicting the outcome resulting from trauma6 , the ISS being considered a kind of "gold standard" by several traumatologists11 , even with the limitations present in the way it is calculated, which may underestimate the severity of some of these patients.In this study, we compared ISS and NISS in the estimation of patient survival in a reference hospital in the Triângulo Mineiro region, when analyzing Rev Col Bras Cir 51:e20243652 Garcia Comparison between Injury Severity Score (ISS) and New Injury Severity Score (NISS) in predicting mortality of thoracic trauma in a tertiary hospital patients sustaining thoracic trauma and undergoing thoracotomy between 2010 and 2019.…”