Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in the Pra and Kakum River basins and associated tap water in Ghana

Essumang, David Kofi; Eshun, Albert; Hogarh, Jonathan N.; Bentum, John Kwesi; Adjei, Joseph Kweku; Negishi, Junya; Nakamichi, Shihori; Habibullah-Al-Mamun, Md.; Masunaga, Shigeki

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.035

Cited by 73 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…This could be due to the industrial, domestic and agricultural activities around the Roodeplaat 2018) also reported higher PFOA levels compared to ther PFASs compounds detected. The PFOA concentrations detected in the Roodeplaat Dam were higher than the ones reported in Shanghai (Lu et al, 2015); similar to those reported in South Africa, Ghana, and Uganda (Mudumbi et al, 2014;Essumang et al, 2017;Dalahmeh et al, 2018), but lower than those reported in Daling River, Bohai Sea (Shao et al, 2016;Chen et al, 2017). PFHpA showed slightly higher concentration levels compared to other compounds in the months of May and June 2016.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Poly- and perfluorinated substances in environmental water from the Hartbeespoort and Roodeplaat Dams, South Africa

Batayi

Okonkwo

Daso

2021

WSA

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Concentrations of poly- and perfluorinated substances (PFASs) were determined in Hartbeespoort and Roodeplaat Dams, South Africa. Water samples were collected from the dams in February–March, and May–June, representing southern hemisphere summer and winter seasons, respectively. Solid phase extraction (SPE) was used to extract the analytes from the water samples and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) used for analysis. The mean PFAS concentrations detected ranged from 1.38–346.32 ng∙L-1 and 2.31–262.29 ng∙L-1 in the Hartbeespoort Dam and Roodeplaat Dam, respectively. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) and perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA) were the most dominant PFASs detected. The PFAS concentrations detected were higher in summer than in winter, but the difference between seasons was not statistically significant (p = 1). Furthermore, the concentrations of short-chain PFASs were higher than the longer chains. Overall, the PFAS concentrations in the present study are comparable to those reported in other parts of South Africa, and also Ghana, higher than the concentrations reported in Uganda, Singapore, and Vietnam, and lower than those in Germany, Japan and China. The measured concentrations of PFOA and PFOS raise concerns of human exposure to these chemicals since they are above the USEPA advisory limit. This suggests that communities living within the vicinity of the dams are most likely to be exposed to these chemicals.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Poly- and perfluorinated substances in environmental water from the Hartbeespoort and Roodeplaat Dams, South Africa

Batayi

Okonkwo

Daso

2021

WSA

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“…The presence of PFAS in aquatic biota and wildlife has been studied extensively in the past 2 decades. Reviews by Giesy and Kannan (2001) and Houde et al (2011, 2006), and publications following these reviews by numerous groups (Labadie and Chevreuil 2011; Wang T et al 2011; Hloušková et al 2013; Lorenzo et al 2016; Babut et al 2017; Casal et al 2017; Essumang et al 2017; Munoz et al 2017), document that PFAS chemicals are found throughout aquatic food webs and in aquatic‐dependent wildlife across the globe. In considering the ecological fate and effects of PFAS, McCarthy et al (2017), Ahrens and Bundschuh (2014), and Giesy et al (2010) reported that some PFAS are bioaccumulative, and studies reveal that bioaccumulation increases with increasing length of the alkyl chain with perfluoro‐carboxylic acids (Martin et al 2003a, 2003b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Published Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) and Bioaccumulation Factor (BAF) Data for Per‐ and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Across Aquatic Species

Burkhard

2021

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

127

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Perand polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of man-made chemicals of concern across the globe, and some of the PFAS chemicals are known to be bioaccumulative in aquatic species. A literature search for bioconcentration factors (BCFs) and bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) for PFASs has been done and data for 22 taxonomic classes were assembled. The assembled data were evaluated for quality, and for gaps and limitations in bioaccumulation information for PFAS universe of chemicals.In general, carbonyl and sulfonyl PFAS classes are relatively data rich while phosphate, fluorotelomer and ether PFAS classes are data limited for fish and nonexistent for most This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Accepted Articleother taxonomic classes. Taxonomic classes with the most measurements were, in descending order, Teleostei (fish), Bivalvia, and Malacostraca. For fish, median whole body log BAFs (L/kg-ww) for perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) were 3.47 (sd=0.78, n=105) and 2.16 (sd=0.85, n=48) using all measurements, respectively. In comparison to freshwater species, data are limited for marine species and further research is needed to determine if BAFs for freshwater and marine species should be the same or different. BAFs for some PFASs appear consistent with BCFs developed with laboratory experiments, in which values decline with increasing concentrations in water.

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“…PFOS and PFOA were listed in Annex B and Annex A of the Stockholm Convention as Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in 2009 and 2019, respectively, with a range of exemptions allowing further use [15,16]. Although banned by an increasing number of countries, PFOS and PFOA have been frequently detected in drinking water around the world in recent years, such as in the U.S, Japan, Ghana, Turkey, Australia and China [3,[17][18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in Chinese drinking water: risk assessment and geographical distribution

Liu

Huang

et al. 2021

Environ Sci Eur

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Background In recent years, the widespread presence of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the environment and the related exposures and adverse health effects has received increasing attention. However, PFASs are not routinely monitored in drinking water in many parts of the world, including China. PFAS data are mainly generated by research studies. This paper provides an overview of the available research studies on PFASs in Chinese drinking water to better understand the current status of PFAS contamination and the potential for exposure. Results The available studies provided PFAS data from 526 drinking water samples across 66 cities in China with a total of approximately 452 million inhabitants. We mapped the risk distribution associated with PFAS-contaminated drinking water in China by comparing the measured levels with recent international guidelines. The PFAS concentrations reported in more than 20% of the studied cities, likely affecting 98.5 million people, were above the maximum contaminant level issued by Vermont in 2019. Furthermore, we also investigated the human exposure to PFASs in drinking water by estimating total daily intakes based on Exposure Factors Handbook of Chinese Population. This study revealed that East China and the Southwest regions posed a relatively higher risk to the Chinese population and some cities in the Yangtze River basin such as Zigong, Jiujiang, Lianyungang and a considerable share of other cities have exceeded the health-based guidelines issued by EU and US agencies. Conclusion Drinking water in many cities and regions in China is contaminated with PFASs at levels of concern. PFAS elimination of PFASs from drinking water in contaminated cities and affected regions in China is urgently needed. PFAS releases from industries and other sources need better control and reduction. Further monitoring in remote Chinese regions is needed to overcome the knowledge gaps for a more comprehensive understanding of population exposure. The current risk assessment of PFASs in China should be re-evaluated considering the most recent toxicological studies, to clarify if the guidelines need to be lowered as recently done in Europe and the United States. This is necessary to have the best national base for risk assessment and a science-based driver for countermeasures.

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Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in the Pra and Kakum River basins and associated tap water in Ghana

Cited by 73 publications

References 60 publications

Poly- and perfluorinated substances in environmental water from the Hartbeespoort and Roodeplaat Dams, South Africa

Poly- and perfluorinated substances in environmental water from the Hartbeespoort and Roodeplaat Dams, South Africa

Evaluation of Published Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) and Bioaccumulation Factor (BAF) Data for Per‐ and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Across Aquatic Species

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in Chinese drinking water: risk assessment and geographical distribution

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