Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs): An optimized LC-MS/MS procedure for feed analysis

Stramenga, Arianna; Tavoloni, Tamara; Stecconi, Tommaso; Galarini, Roberta; Giannotti, Massimiliano; Siracusa, Melania; Ciriaci, Martina; Bacchiocchi, Simone; Piersanti, Arianna

doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.123009

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The applied method, enabling the simultaneous analysis of 11 perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs: PFBA, PFPeA, PFHxA, PFHpA, PFOA, PFNA, PFDA, PFUnDA, PFDoDA, PFTrDA, PFTeDA) and 8 perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids (PFSAs: PFBS, PFPeS, PFHxS, PFHpS, PFOS, PFNS, PFDS, PFDoDS), including the branched isomers of PFHxS ( br -PFHxS) and PFOS ( br -PFOS), has been previously described [ 36 , 37 ]. Briefly, 2 g of muscle and 1.0 g of liver were weighed in a 50 mL polypropylene centrifuge tube, spiked with 0.40 ng of the label internal standards, extracted twice with 10 mL of ACN, shaken (15 min), sonicated (15 min), and centrifuged (3220 rcf, 15 min, 2 °C).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LC–MS/MS analysis was conducted on an Acquity ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) system coupled with a Xevo TQ-S quadrupole mass spectrometer (Waters Corporation, Milford, MA, USA), operating in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The instrumental conditions are given in Table S2 [ 36 , 37 ]. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Luna Omega PS C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.6 μm, Phenomenex, Torrance, CA, USA), and a second chromatography on a Raptor C18 column (100 × 2.1 mm, 2.7 µm, Restek, Bellefonte, PA, USA) was employed to unequivocally distinguish the short-chain PFBA and PFPeA, for which only one transition was available for mass detection.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in Aquatic Fauna of Lake Trasimeno (Italy): Insights from a Low-Anthropized Area

Stecconi,

Stramenga,

Tavoloni

et al. 2024

Toxics

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This study investigated the concentrations and profiles of 19 perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the muscle and liver of four freshwater species from Lake Trasimeno (Italy): Anguilla anguilla (European eel), Carassius auratus (goldfish), Perca fluviatilis (European perch), and Procambarus clarkii (red swamp crayfish). In livers, the amount of PFASs ranged from 3.1 to 10 µg kg⁻¹, significantly higher than that in muscle (0.032–1.7 µg kg⁻¹). The predominant PFASs were perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and long-chain carboxylic acids (C8-C14). Short-chain compounds (C4-C5), as well as the long-chain sulfonic acids (C9-C12), were not quantified. The contamination patterns were similar among species with few differences, suggesting the influence of species-specific accumulation. The PFAS concentrations in livers were comparable among species, while in muscle, the higher values were measured in European eel, followed by goldfish, European perch, and red swamp crayfish. The levels were generally lower than those reported for fish from Northern Italian lakes and rivers. The concentrations of regulated PFASs were lower than the maximum limits set by Regulation EU 2023/915 and did not exceed the Environmental Quality Standards (PFOS in biota). This study provides the first valuable insights on PFASs in freshwater species from Lake Trasimeno.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in Aquatic Fauna of Lake Trasimeno (Italy): Insights from a Low-Anthropized Area

Stecconi,

Stramenga,

Tavoloni

et al. 2024

Toxics

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“…Recently, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) have been applied to analyze PFASs and OPFRs. [21][22][23][24] The relatively high limit of detection (LOD), complex derivatization and long analysis time limited the application of GC/MS in the determination of PFASs and OPFRs. 25,26 Thus, LC/MS was widely used to analyze PFASs and OPFRs in complex biological matrices because of its high sensitivity and specificity and no derivatization is needed.…”

Section: Found Associations Betweenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) have been applied to analyze PFASs and OPFRs 21–24 . The relatively high limit of detection (LOD), complex derivatization and long analysis time limited the application of GC/MS in the determination of PFASs and OPFRs 25,26 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous determination of poly‐ and perfluoroalkyl substances and organophosphorus flame retardants in serum by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

et al. 2022

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Rationale Poly‐ and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) are two types of emerging organic pollutants with potential human health hazards. Here, a rapid and sensitive method was developed for the determination of sixteen PFASs and seven OPFRs in human serum by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS/MS). Methods After optimizing the chromatographic and mass spectrometric conditions, respectively, 100 μL of serum sample was liquid–liquid extracted using 8 mL of methyl tert‐butyl ether. The 23 targets were quantified within 8 min. All targets were quantified by the isotope‐internal standard method in both negative‐ and positive‐ion mode by UPLC/MS/MS. Results The method was validated in terms of sensitivity, linearity, precision, and accuracy. The limit of detection ranged between 0.004 and 0.650 ng/mL. Recoveries ranged from70.0% to 118.9% with a relative standard deviation lower than 20%. The developed method was successfully applied to analyze targeted analytes in human serum samples. A total of 13 of 23 analytes were detected in over 50% of samples. Conclusions A sensitive and rapid method was developed to quantify sixteen PFASs and seven OPFRs in serum. Sensitivity, linearity, recovery, and precision were validated and found to be satisfactory. This method can be a valuable tool for evaluation of exposure to both PFASs and OPFRs with high separation efficiency and sensitivity.

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“…HPLC and UPLC-MS/MS are currently widely used to determine PFASs (Capriotti et al, 2013;Mulabagal et al, 2018). In addition to these methods, LC-MS/MS is recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for PFAS analysis (Benskin et al, 2007;Stramenga et al, 2021). Specifically, Liquid Chromatography Quadrupole Time of Flight tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-QToF/MS) is used to analyze and identify PFAS in serum samples of firefighters who are exposed to fire extinguishing agents containing PFASs (Rotander et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular detection of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in water using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry

Yu,

Yang,

Gao

et al. 2023

Front. Chem.

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Detection of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) is crucial in environmental mitigation and remediation of these persistent pollutants. We demonstrate that time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) is a viable technique to analyze and identify these substances at parts per trillion (ppt) level in real field samples without complicated sample preparation due to its superior surface sensitivity. Several representative PFAS compounds, such as perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA), perfluoheptanoic acid (PFHpA), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and real-world groundwater samples collected from monitoring wells installed around at a municipal wastewater treatment plant located in Southern California were analyzed in this work. ToF-SIMS spectral comparison depicts sensitive identification of pseudo-molecular ions, characteristic of reference PFASs. Additionally, principal component analysis (PCA) shows clear discrimination among real samples and reference compounds. Our results show that characteristic molecular ion and fragments peaks can be used to identify PFASs. Furthermore, SIMS two-dimensional (2D) images directly exhibit the distribution of perfluorocarboxylic acid (PFCA) and PFOS in simulated mixtures and real wastewater samples. Such findings indicate that ToF-SIMS is useable to determine PFAS compounds in complex environmental water samples. In conclusion, ToF-SIMS provides simple sample preparation and high sensitivity in mass spectral imaging, offering an alternative solution for environmental forensic analysis of PFASs in wastewater in the future.

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Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs): An optimized LC-MS/MS procedure for feed analysis

Cited by 11 publications

References 38 publications

Exploring Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in Aquatic Fauna of Lake Trasimeno (Italy): Insights from a Low-Anthropized Area

Exploring Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in Aquatic Fauna of Lake Trasimeno (Italy): Insights from a Low-Anthropized Area

Simultaneous determination of poly‐ and perfluoroalkyl substances and organophosphorus flame retardants in serum by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

Molecular detection of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in water using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry

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