Perfluoroalkyl Substances in U.S. market basket fish and shellfish

Ruffle, Betsy; Vedagiri, U.; Bogdan, Dorin; Maier, Martha; Schwach, Catherine; Murphy-Hagan, Clare

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2020.109932

Cited by 42 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 41 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…These results can be found in Table 2. Low concentrations of PFOS and long-chain perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) found in canned tuna and fish sticks are similar to previous reports of PFAS in seafood collected in the United States [31]. The detections of PFOS and long-chain PFCAs in seafood are consistent with previous uptake studies of rainbow trout exposed to contaminated food and water.…”

Section: Tds Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…More recently, Ruffle et al examined 70 finfish and shellfish samples purchased in different regions of the US. PFAS were detected in 15 out of 37 samples with the highest total PFAS concentrations (21.6 ng/g) coming from freshwater fish in the Midwest [31]. This study also concluded that in the commercial supply of fish and shellfish in the US, PFAS concentrations are low or not detected [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…PFAS were detected in 15 out of 37 samples with the highest total PFAS concentrations (21.6 ng/g) coming from freshwater fish in the Midwest [31]. This study also concluded that in the commercial supply of fish and shellfish in the US, PFAS concentrations are low or not detected [31]. The FDA also recently reported PFAS results of 179 composite food samples purchased at grocery stores in the US collected under FDA's TDS regional collection [32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Analysis of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in processed foods from FDA’s Total Diet Study

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Additional occurrence data are needed to better understand human exposure to per-and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from commercially available foods in the United States. The Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) Total Diet Study (TDS) collects foods that are both nationally and regionally distributed. In 2018, 172 processed foods were collected from grocery stores around Lenexa, KS, as part of the TDS national collection. A previously developed method for the analysis of PFAS in foods as part of the TDS regional collection was modified and optimized for these samples. This method was single lab validated using 5 different matrices and method detection limits were calculated. During the analysis of these samples, challenges arose with method blanks and further investigation into statistical methods to distinguish between blank and sample concentrations were done. The confirmation of two short chain PFAS, perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) and perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA), was not possible using triple quadrupole mass spectrometry and a confirmation method was developed using high-resolution mass spectrometry. This technique was also used to investigate potential detections and interferents that fell within the retention time criteria for positive detections. In the national collection, positive detections of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) were found in frozen fish sticks/patties, PFOS and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) in canned tuna, and PFOS in protein powder. Concentrations were all below 150 ppt, and no other detects were confirmed above the method detection limits in any other foods.

show abstract

Section: Tds Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Analysis of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in processed foods from FDA’s Total Diet Study

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Previous studies in the US and other countries have investigated PFAS concentrations in fish purchased at local markets. In the US, PFAS were detected in 21 finfish and shellfish samples with the highest concentrations in fish from the Great Lakes region and in the Netherlands, PFOS was found in tilapia from Ecuador (∼200 ng/kg), shrimp from the Netherlands (∼550 ng/kg), and trout from Turkey (∼425 ng/kg). , In Italy, PFOS was found in 5 highly consumed fish ranging in concentration from 91 to 1896 ng/kg . Additionally, studies in the Czech Republic on canned fish thought to be from the Baltic Sea found PFOS concentrations ranging from 215 to 5401 ng/kg in mackerel, sardine, and cod liver …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Method Development and Validation of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Foods from FDA’s Total Diet Study Program

Genualdi

Young

DeJager

et al. 2021

J. Agric. Food Chem.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Human exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) through the US diet has not been well-characterized. Highly consumed foods are routinely monitored through FDA’s Total Diet Study program. Portions of these samples were used to develop and validate a method for PFAS in a wide variety of foods. The extraction of 16 PFAS was performed using the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method and analyzed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Method optimizations are described including investigations into the QuEChERS sorbents, matrix effects, and solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges. The use of a custom push-through SPE cartridge showed promising results as a rapid cleanup option for food samples. Challenges in ion confirmation are discussed, and the use of enhanced product ion (EPI) full-scan MS/MS spectra is presented as a potential option for verifying false positives. The validated method was then used for the analysis of 179 total diet study samples, and positive detects for perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) were found in two fish and one meat sample.

show abstract

“…In 2020, Ruffle et al investigated 70 finfish and shellfish from U.S. grocery stores and fish markets, which were analyzed for 26 different PFASs . Out of 70 samples, 21 had positive detects with PFOS as the major PFAS identified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Per- and Poly(fluoroalkyl) Substances (PFASs) in Highly Consumed Seafood Products from U.S. Markets

Young

Wiggins

Limm

et al. 2022

J. Agric. Food Chem.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Seafood consumption has been identified as one of the major contributors of per-and poly(fluoroalkyl) substances (PFASs) to the human diet. To assess dietary exposure, highly consumed seafood products in the United States were selected for analysis. The analytical method previously used for processed food was extended to include four additional long-chain perflurocarboxylic acids (PFCAs), which have been reported in seafood samples. This method was single-lab-validated, and method detection limits were reported at 345 ng kg −1 for perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) and 207 ng kg −1 for perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA) and below 100 ng kg −1 for the rest of the PFAS analytes. The 81 seafood samples (clams, crab, tuna, shrimp, tilapia, cod, salmon, pollock) were analyzed for 20 PFASs using the updated analytical method. Most of the seafood packaging was also analyzed by Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) to identify packaging potentially coated with PFASs. None of the packaging samples in this study were identified as having PFASs. A wide range of concentrations was observed among the seafood samples, ranging from below the method detection limit to the highest concentration of 23 μg kg −1 for the sum of PFASs in one of the canned clam samples. Such a wide range is consistent with those reported in previous studies. The highest concentrations were reported in clams and crabs, followed by cod, tuna, pollock, tilapia, salmon, and shrimp. Technical perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) dominated the profile of the clam samples, which has been consistently found in other clam samples, especially in Asia. Long-chain PFCAs, specifically perfluoroundecanoic (PFUdA) and perfluorododecanoic (PFDoA), were the most frequently detected analytes across all seafood samples. The trends observed are comparable with those in the literature where benthic organisms tend to have the highest PFAS concentrations, followed by lean fish, fatty fish, and aquaculture. The results from this study will be used to prioritize future studies and to inform steps to reduce consumer exposure to PFASs.

show abstract

Perfluoroalkyl Substances in U.S. market basket fish and shellfish

Cited by 42 publications

References 41 publications

Analysis of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in processed foods from FDA’s Total Diet Study

Analysis of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in processed foods from FDA’s Total Diet Study

Method Development and Validation of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Foods from FDA’s Total Diet Study Program

Analysis of Per- and Poly(fluoroalkyl) Substances (PFASs) in Highly Consumed Seafood Products from U.S. Markets

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About