Perfluorocarbon background concentrations in Europe

Straume, Anne Grete; Dietz, R.N.; Koffi, Ernest N.; Nodop, Katrin

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(98)00193-9

Cited by 26 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…There are some SGHG with an RF known to be higher than some of the more minor members of this list, which are not included here because AGAGE measurements are not yet available for all or part of the time period investigated. Examples of these compounds include c-C 4 F 8 [Oram et al, 2012], some halons [Fraser et al, 1999] that exert a smaller influence on global RF than the 25 investigated here [e.g., Straume et al, 1998;Sturges et al, 2000;Simmonds et al, 2002;Vollmer et al, 2011;Ivy et al, 2012aIvy et al, , 2012b. We estimate that the combined RF due to these omitted species was of the order of 1% of the overall SGHG RF in 2012.…”

Section: Monitoring Global Trends In Synthetic Greenhouse Gasesmentioning

confidence: 85%

Recent and future trends in synthetic greenhouse gas radiative forcing

Rigby

Prinn

O’Doherty

et al. 2014

Geophys. Res. Lett.

125

196

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Atmospheric measurements show that emissions of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons are now the primary drivers of the positive growth in synthetic greenhouse gas (SGHG) radiative forcing. We infer recent SGHG emissions and examine the impact of future emissions scenarios, with a particular focus on proposals to reduce HFC use under the Montreal Protocol. If these proposals are implemented, overall SGHG radiative forcing could peak at around 355 mW m À2 in 2020, before declining by approximately 26% by 2050, despite continued growth of fully fluorinated greenhouse gas emissions. Compared to "no HFC policy" projections, this amounts to a reduction in radiative forcing of between 50 and 240 mW m À2 by 2050 or a cumulative emissions saving equivalent to 0.5 to 2.8 years of CO 2 emissions at current levels. However, more complete reporting of global HFC emissions is required, as less than half of global emissions are currently accounted for.

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Section: Monitoring Global Trends In Synthetic Greenhouse Gasesmentioning

confidence: 85%

Recent and future trends in synthetic greenhouse gas radiative forcing

Rigby

Prinn

O’Doherty

et al. 2014

Geophys. Res. Lett.

125

196

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The observed background concentrations of most PFCs used are at mixing ratios of typically a few parts per 10 15 (fmol mol −1 ) (Piringer et al, 1997;Straume et al, 1998;Kim et al, 2002;Simmonds et al, 2002;Watson et al, 2007). They are potent greenhouse gases with a high global warming potential (GWP of about 7000).…”

Section: Y Ren Et Al: An Airborne Perfluorocarbon Tracer Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PFCs can be detected down to background concentrations by enrichment on a solid adsorbent, separation by gas chromatography (GC), and detection using electron capture detection (ECD) (DeBortoli and Pecchio, 1985;Dietz, 1986;Lagomarsino, 1996;Straume et al, 1998). In recent years, due to the excellent selectivity and sensitivity and simple manipulation process, the analytical method with negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry (NICI-MS) for PFCs has increasingly been used (Begley et al, 1988;Galdiga and Greibrokk, 2000;Cooke et al, 2001;Simmonds et al, 2002).…”

Section: Y Ren Et Al: An Airborne Perfluorocarbon Tracer Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

An airborne perfluorocarbon tracer system and its first application for a Lagrangian experiment

2015

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Abstract.A perfluorocarbon tracer system (PERTRAS), specifically designed for Lagrangian aircraft experiments, has been developed by the Deutsches Zentrum für Luft-und Raumfahrt (German Aerospace Center, DLR). It consists of three main parts: a tracer release unit (RU), an adsorption tube sampler (ATS), and a tracer analytical system. The RU was designed for airborne tracer release experiments; meanwhile, it can be used on various platforms for different experimental purposes (here research vessel). PERTRAS was for the first time applied in the field campaign Stratospheric ozone: Halogen Impacts in a Varying Atmosphere (SHIVA) in November 2011. An amount of 8.8 kg perfluoromethylcyclopentane (PMCP) was released aboard the research vessel Sonne (RV Sonne) near the operational site of this campaign, Miri, Malaysia, on 21 November. The tracer samples collected using the ATS onboard the DLR research aircraft Falcon were analyzed in the laboratory using a thermal desorber-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS) system. Guided by forecasts calculated with the Lagrangian model Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT), 64 tracer samples were collected onboard the Falcon approximately 5 and 25 h after the release, mostly with a time resolution of 1 min. Enhanced PMCP concentrations relative to ambient PMCP background values (mean: 6.62 fmol mol −1 ) were detected during three intersects of the fresh tracer plume (age 5 h), with a maximum value of 301.33 fmol mol −1 . This indicates that the fresh tracer plume was successfully intercepted at the forecast position. During the second flight, 25 h after the release, the center of tracer plume was not detected by the sampling system due to a faster advection of the plume than forecast. The newly developed PERTRAS system has been successfully deployed for the first time. The instrumental setup and comparisons between the measurements and HYSPLIT simulations are presented in this study.

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“…Typical atmospheric background concentrations for the most commonly used perfluorocarbons in tracer experiments are in the low ppqv range Kim et al, 2002;Watson et al, 2007) and the current growth rate is, if any growth rate at all, less than 1 ppqv per year (Watson et al, 2007). These compounds have been used previously in dispersion experiments ranging from long range studies (Draxler et al, 1991;Straume et al, 1998) down to city and neighbourhood scales Martin et al, 2008;Martin et al, 2010a, b;Shallcross et al, 2009;Wood et al, 2009). …”

Section: Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Tracer concentration profiles measured in central London as part of the REPARTEE campaign

et al. 2011

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Abstract. There have been relatively few tracer experiments carried out that have looked at vertical plume spread in urban areas. In this paper we present results from two tracer (cyclic perfluorocarbon) experiments carried out in 2006 and 2007 in central London centred on the BT Tower as part of the REPARTEE (Regent's Park and Tower Environmental Experiment) campaign. The height of the tower gives a unique opportunity to study vertical dispersion profiles and transport times in central London. Vertical gradients are contrasted with the relevant Pasquill stability classes. Estimation of lateral advection and vertical mixing times are made and compared with previous measurements. Data are then compared with a simple operational dispersion model and contrasted with data taken in central London as part of the DAPPLE campaign. This correlates dosage with non-dimensionalised distance from source. Such analyses illustrate the feasibility of the use of these empirical correlations over these prescribed distances in central London.

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Perfluorocarbon background concentrations in Europe

Cited by 26 publications

References 3 publications

Recent and future trends in synthetic greenhouse gas radiative forcing

Recent and future trends in synthetic greenhouse gas radiative forcing

An airborne perfluorocarbon tracer system and its first application for a Lagrangian experiment

Tracer concentration profiles measured in central London as part of the REPARTEE campaign

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