Perfluorocarbons and perfluorocarbon emulsions for pulmonary indications

Lung surfactant negatively affects the photodynamic inactivation of bacteria—in vitro and molecular dynamic simulation analyses

“…On the other hand, it might be possible to still use the PSs that strongly interact with the lung surfactant. In studies where a similar problem was identified for other drugs, formulations were proposed as a solution: using the lung surfactant itself as a vehicle ( 21 , 30 ); encapsulating the active principles into nanoparticles or optimizing nanoparticle design ( 16 , 17 , 24 , 25 , 31 , 32 ); or even using perfluorocarbons, which are pulmonary liquid ventilation agents ( 33 , 34 ). Also, it is important to consider that the reduced mobility will decrease the local concentration of PS available to interact with the target, but it will not be zero.…”

Perfluorocarbon Emulsion Contrast Agents: A Mini Review

“…PFOB molecules contain no hydrogen atoms and create a proton density weighted image, effectively darkening the bowel loop, allowing better delineation of blood vessels and abdominal organs like the spleen, liver, kidneys, and pancreas ( Mattrey et al, 1988 ; Mattrey, 1989 ; André et al, 1990 ; Mattrey et al, 1991 ). Also, the use of 19 F-MRI with gaseous unemulsified perfluorocarbon as a contrast agent for respiratory disease has completed many early phase clinical trials ( Couch et al, 2013 ; Halaweish et al, 2013 ; Goralski et al, 2020 ; Krafft, 2021 ). Perfluoropropane (PFP) and 19 F-MRI has shown in human trials the ability to distinguish healthy and diseased lungs from patients with COPD, cystic fibrosis, asthma, and emphysema.…”

“…Remdesivir , for instance, was repurposed from an Ebola virus therapeutic to treat coronavirus disease after being streamlined in the United States, in only 4 months, from new drug application (NDA) submission to emergency use authorization (EUA) ( Avdeev et al, 2019 ). Gaseous perfluorocarbons with 19 F-MRI have previously been tested in early phase clinical trials for respiratory complications ( Couch et al, 2013 ; Halaweish et al, 2013 ; Goralski et al, 2020 ; Krafft, 2021 ) and has great potential for assessing effects of coronavirus disease on pulmonary structure and function; recently being initiated in early phase clinical trials for assessing effects on lungs, vasculature, and the heart from patients with COVID-19 (NCT04872309). Additionally, potential exists with perfluorocarbon antihypoxants and blood substitutes as an off-label COVID-19 therapeutic, having previous approval for alternative therapies from the Russian Ministry of Health and FDA.…”

Therapeutic oxygen delivery by perfluorocarbon-based colloids

“…Perfluorocarbons form a vast family of man-made molecules that offer unique combinations of physical, chemical and biological properties, including high gas-dissolving capacity, volatility, density, compressibility and heat-transfer capacity; extreme hydrophobicity, distinctively coupled with marked lipophobicity; low surface tension, magnetic susceptibilities that can match those of tissues; high 19 F nuclei concentration and absence of protons (Table 1). These features are associated with excellent thermal, chemical and biological inertness, including absence of metabolization [2,[16][17][18][19][20]. The chemistry of PFCs is much simpler than that of hemoglobin and can be precisely controlled, especially for linear PFCs [1,21].…”

“…Reverse, water-in-PFC nanoemulsions (Scheme 5a) are mainly aimed at delivering water-soluble drugs, in particular through the pulmonary route, as with metered-dose inhalers [17,20,[199][200][201][202][203][204][205]. A non-ionic, molecular F-alkyldimorpholinophosphate 15 (Table 2) produced, for example, stable, heat-sterilizable reverse emulsions of water-in-F-octylbromide in which a variety of drugs could be loaded [199,206].…”