Perfluorooctane sulfonate affects intestinal immunity against bacterial infection

Suo, Caixia; Fan, Zhiqin; Zhou, Liang; Qiu, Ju

doi:10.1038/s41598-017-04091-z

Cited by 35 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…The authors noted increased ROS production, lipid peroxidation, glutathione depletion, activation of caspase‐3, as well as damage to cell organelles such as mitochondria and lysosomes. Suo et al. () showed that PFOS increased IL‐22 excretion by lamina proprial lymphocytes isolated from the large intestines of wild‐type mice. This effect was not observed using F1 mice from an AhRf/f and a RORc‐cre cross to specifically delete the Ah receptor and it was concluded that this response must be dependent on the Ah receptor. Lee et al.…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk to human health related to the presence of perfluoroalkyl substances in food

Schrenk¹,

Bignami²,

Bodin³

et al. 2020

EFS2

333

265

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The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific evaluation on the risks to human health related to the presence of perfluoroalkyl substances ( PFAS s) in food. Based on several similar effects in animals, toxicokinetics and observed concentrations in human blood, the CONTAM Panel decided to perform the assessment for the sum of four PFAS s: PFOA , PFNA , PFH xS and PFOS . These made up half of the lower bound ( LB ) exposure to those PFAS s with available occurrence data, the remaining contribution being primarily from PFAS s with short half‐lives. Equal potencies were assumed for the four PFAS s included in the assessment. The mean LB exposure in adolescents and adult age groups ranged from 3 to 22, the 95th percentile from 9 to 70 ng/kg body weight (bw) per week. Toddlers and ‘other children’ showed a twofold higher exposure. Upper bound exposure was 4‐ to 49‐fold higher than LB levels, but the latter were considered more reliable. ‘Fish meat’, ‘Fruit and fruit products’ and ‘Eggs and egg products’ contributed most to the exposure. Based on available studies in animals and humans, effects on the immune system were considered the most critical for the risk assessment. From a human study, a lowest BMDL 10 of 17.5 ng/ mL for the sum of the four PFAS s in serum was identified for 1‐year‐old children. Using PBPK modelling, this serum level of 17.5 ng/ mL in children was estimated to correspond to long‐term maternal exposure of 0.63 ng/kg bw per day. Since accumulation over time is important, a tolerable weekly intake ( TWI ) of 4.4 ng/kg bw per week was established. This TWI also protects against other potential adverse effects observed in humans. Based on the estimated LB exposure, but also reported serum levels, the CONTAM Panel concluded that parts of the European population exceed this TWI , which is of concern.

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Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk to human health related to the presence of perfluoroalkyl substances in food

Schrenk¹,

Bignami²,

Bodin³

et al. 2020

EFS2

333

265

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In wild bottlenose dolphins, a positive correlation was demonstrated between plasma levels of PFOS and PFOA with clinical parameters of inflammation ( Fair et al, 2013 ). Futher, PFOS elevated inflammatory cytokines expression and reduced mucin production in a bacterial infection mice model ( Suo et al, 2017 ). TNF-α and IL-6, two markers of inflammation, were reportedly modulated by PFOS exposure in vivo and in vitro studies ( Han et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perfluorooctane sulfonate exerts inflammatory bowel disease-like intestinal injury in rats

Hai

Yang

Zeng

et al. 2021

PeerJ

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Background Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), a type of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), can induce various organ toxicity, including hepatomegaly, immunotoxicity, and gut microbiota disorder. PFCs have been associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Yet, whether PFOS exposure causes IBD-like disorder and the underlying mechanism remains undefined. Here, we investigated the influence of PFOS exposure on the development of IBD-like disorder in rats. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected with PFOS (1 or 10 mg/kg) or normal saline (NS) every other day for 15 days. Body weight, serum concentrations of serum amyloid A (SAA) and high sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP) were measured. Pathological assessments of villi height and crypt depth in the proximal duodenum and jejunum were performed using H&E staining. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining was used to assay cell apoptosis in the jejunum. The infiltration of inflammatory cells and cytokines in the jejunum were detected by immunohistochemistry analysis. Results PFOS (10 mg/kg) significantly increased the body weight, SAA and hsCRP, whereas no significant differences were observed in PFOS 1 mg/kg group of rats. The villi height and crypt depth in the proximal duodenum and jejunum were significantly reduced upon PFOS exposure. PFOS induced higher histopathological score in intestinal tissues compared to NS. Notably, TUNEL-positive cells were significantly higher in the jejunum upon PFOS exposure. Further, neutrophil and macrophage accumulated, and inflammatory cytokines infiltration were also remarkably increased in rats exposed to PFOS. Conclusion PFOS induces IBD-like phenotypes in rats, with associated inflammatory infiltration to intestinal.

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“…Suo et al, exposed mice to much higher levels of PFOS (2 mg/kg/day) and examined the response to Citrobacter rodentium (CR) infection, and found enhanced early response to CR, but eventual delayed clearance of bacteria 39 . However, these high levels of PFOS exposure may have other effects as discussed previously.…”

Section: Little Work Has Been Done Exploring the Effects Of Pfos On Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) on immune cell development and function in mice

Torres

Redko

Imbiakha

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Perfluorinated compounds, such as Perfluoroctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) are compounds containing carbon chains where hydrogens have been replaced with fluorines, and belong to a larger family known as Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). The strength of the carbonfluorine bond makes perfluorinated compounds extremely resistant to environmental degradation.Due to the persistent nature of PFOS, research has been directed to elucidating possible health effects of PFOS on humans and laboratory animals. Here we have explored the effects of PFOS exposure on immune development and function in mice. We exposed adult wild-type mice to 3 and 1.5 μg/kg/day of PFOS for 2 and 4 weeks, respectively, and examined the effects of PFOS exposure on populations of T cells, B cells, and granulocytes. These doses of PFOS resulted in serum levels of approximately 100 ng/ml with no weight loss during exposure. We find that PFOS does not affect T-cell development during this time. However, while PFOS exposure reduced immune cell populations in some organs, it also led to an increase in the numbers of cells in others, suggesting possible relocalization of cells. We also examined the effect of PFOS on the response to influenza virus infection. We find that exposure to PFOS at 1.5 μg/kg/day of PFOS for 4 weeks does not affect weight loss or survival, nor is viral clearance affected. Analysis of antibody and T cell specific antiviral responses indicate that at this concentration, PFOS does not suppress the immune cell development or antigen specific immune response. corticosteroids (a known confounder for immune response 13 ), that accompanies these high dose treatments cannot be excluded 12 .Here we have evaluated the potential immunotoxicity of exposure to PFOS in wild-type C57Bl/6 mice after repeated oral treatments for either 2 weeks or 4 weeks, using doses of PFOS that did not lead to weight loss in the animals. We examined the development of immune cells, including T cell development in the thymus, as well as B cell and granulocyte development in the bone marrow and spleen. We also evaluated the effect of PFOS exposure on the immune response to influenza virus infection. Materials and Methods MaterialAll chemicals used in this study were reagent-grade. Potassium perfluorooctanesulfonate (K + PFOS) was obtained from 3M Company (St. Paul, MN). The details of its purity (88.9%) and analytical characterization are described in Chang et al. 14 . PFOS dose formulation and analysisK + PFOS was prepared in vehicle (0.5% Tween 20 in deionized water) at either 0.3 μg/mL or 0.6 μg/mL; and with a daily dosing volume of 5 mL per kg body weight, it corresponded to a daily targeted dose of either 1.5 μg/kg body weight/day or 3 μg/kg body weight /day, respectively.The dosing solutions and the serum samples were analyzed for PFOS concentration by LC-MS/MS based on previous methods 14,15 . Briefly, matrix-matched standard curves were prepared and 18 O2-PFOS was used as internal standard for all extractions. All standards and samples underwent solid ...

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Perfluorooctane sulfonate affects intestinal immunity against bacterial infection

Cited by 35 publications

References 62 publications

Risk to human health related to the presence of perfluoroalkyl substances in food

Risk to human health related to the presence of perfluoroalkyl substances in food

Perfluorooctane sulfonate exerts inflammatory bowel disease-like intestinal injury in rats

Effect of Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) on immune cell development and function in mice

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