Perfluoropentane-Encapsulated Hollow Mesoporous Prussian Blue Nanocubes for Activated Ultrasound Imaging and Photothermal Therapy of Cancer

Abstract

Hollow mesoporous nanomaterials have gained tremendous attention in the fields of nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology. Herein, n-perfluoropentane (PFP)-encapsulated hollow mesoporous Prussian blue (HPB) nanocubes (HPB-PFP) with excellent colloidal stability have been synthesized for concurrent in vivo tumor diagnosis and regression. The HPB shell shows excellent photothermal conversion efficiency that can absorb near-infrared (NIR) laser light and convert it into heat. The generated heat can not only cause tumor ablation by raising the temperature of tumor tissue but also promote the continuous gasification and bubbling of encapsulated liquid PFP with low boiling point. These formed PFP bubbles can cause tissue impedance mismatch, thus apparently enhancing the signal of B-mode ultrasound imaging in vitro and generating an apparent echogenicity signal for tumor tissues of nude mice in vivo. Without showing observable in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity, the designed biocompatible HPB-PFP nanotheranostics with high colloidal stability and photothermal efficiency are anticipated to find various biomedical applications in activated ultrasound imaging-guided tumor detection and therapy.

Hollow Structures Based on Prussian Blue and Its Analogs for Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion

“…[74] Copyright 2010, Royal Society of Chemistry. [81][82][83][84][85] For instance, Hu et al presented a facile route for the preparation of uniform PB hollow particles by using an etching strategy (approach III Figure 1a). [79] Copyright 2013, American Chemical Society.…”

A Multifunctional Biodegradable Nanocomposite for Cancer Theranostics

“…The structure of the HMONs was analyzed by 29 Si magicangle spinning (MAS) and 13 C cross-polarization MAS (CPMAS) solid-state NMR. Both Q and T sites were observed in the 29 Si spectrum (Figure 1i), indicating the presence of a hybrid silsesquioxane framework.…”

“…Bubble generation typically occurs when a liquid cargo is heated to a temperature exceeding its boiling point. Hollow mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles (HMONs) with sub-75 nm particle size were constructed and loaded with PFP (which boils at 29 °C) [29] and the photothermal agent indocyanine green (ICG). [18] For example, Shi and co workers established a multifunctional theranostic nanoplatform based on Au nanoparticle-coated hollow mesoporous silica loaded with PFH, and showed this to have applications for multimodal US/computerized tomography/photoacoustic/thermal imaging of tumors.…”

Two-dimensional non-carbonaceous materials-enabled efficient photothermal cancer therapy

“…Carbon-based nanosystems including mesoporous carbon [19][20][21], carbon nanodots [22,23] and graphene [24,25] were also explored in biomedical applications, especially in photothermal therapy based on their strong light absorption in NIR region and corresponding high photothermal-conversion efficiency [26]. Some organic, inorganic and their hybrid nanosystems, such as polypyrrole [27], indocyanine green [28], conductive polymers [29], CuS [30,31], Prussian blue [32], WO x [33], black TiO 2 [34] and other organic polymer/molecules [35,36] also provide alternative photothermal agents for PTT.…”