Perfluorosulfonic acid proton exchange membrane with double proton site side chain for high-performance fuel cells at low humidity

Sulfonated Poly Ether Ether Ketone Membranes Reinforced by Metal–Organic Frameworks/Ionic Liquids

“…Due to the hydrogen bonding network between MOF and IL, MOF can limit the dissociation of IL in the membrane, greatly limiting the flow of IL in the matrix. A very small amount of IL will lose its function due to the loss of protons, and a very low IL loss rate can effectively ensure the orderly and efficient operation of the proton exchange membrane, improving the service life of fuel cells …”

Recent advances in non-perfluorinated sulfonic acid proton exchange membranes in the energy field

“…They exhibited improved proton conductivity in wet conditions, low hydrogen permeability, and chemical stability during practical experiments. The PFC 2 -TF-SI membrane examined by Tan et al 124 displayed a remarkable power density of up to 1005 mW cm −2 (Fig. 17c).…”

“…In contrast, the stability of graphene oxide (GO) at high temperatures was poor, limiting the thermal stability of the GO base membrane and revealing the influence mechanism of different materials on thermal stability. Tan et al 124 introduced hydrophilic flexible side chains into the PFC-TF-SI membrane, promoting increased chain entanglement and resulting in better thermal stability than the original membrane material PFC. Chu et al 125 incorporated PDA/PEI-modified PVDF nanofibers into an SPEEK base membrane to create an SPEEK–PDA/PEI@PVDF composite membrane that exhibited better thermal stability than pure PVDF and SPEEK membrane (Fig.…”

Construction of Successive Proton Conduction Channels to Accelerate the Proton Conduction Process in Flexible Proton Exchange Membranes

“…Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are suitable to serve as clean energy systems owing to some advantages of high energy conversion efficiency, negligible pollution emission, etc. , As the key component, proton exchange membranes (PEMs) have been believed to dominate the efficiency and the practicability of PEMFCs. − At present, high-temperature PEMFCs with the working temperature of 100–200 °C and low humidity have been attracting more and more attention owing to the accelerated ion conduction, simplified internal systems, enhanced catalyst efficiency, etc. , The outstanding high-temperature PEMs are thus required to cater to the development of high-temperature PEMFCs. − Although some high-temperature PEMs, such as PA-doped polybenzimidazole (PBI) and cross-linked PBI, have achieved a milestone in the reinforced electrochemical performance at elevated temperatures without humidification, − the continuous research of designing and constructing high-temperature PEMs with adequate flexibility is needed to meet various application requirements. − …”