Performance Analysis and Optimisation of a Solar On-Grid Air Conditioner

Aguilar, Francisco J.; Ramírez, Javier Ruiz; Lucas, M.; Vicente, P.G.

doi:10.3390/en14238054

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In some cases, for example, use of PV-air conditioner might reduce over 75% of grid electrical power for airconditioning in office building during daytime [1][2][3]. However, in hot country such as Thailand, the PV module temperature might reach 70 o C or more in the afternoon then the electrical efficiency was reduced significantly and only 75% or less of the power at standard condition could be generated [4][5][6][7], then many approaches to control the module temperature were presented. Sun et al [8] and Biwole et al [9,10] used phase change material (PCM) such as paraffin embedded at the rear surface of PV module and the module temperature was controlled and approaching to the PCM melting point during daytime.…”

Section: A Pvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance on Power, Hot and Cold Water Generation of a Hybrid Photovoltaic Thermal Module

Pansiri¹,

Asanakham²,

Deethayat³

et al. 2022

Energy Engineering

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This paper proposed a new function of photovoltaic thermal (PVT) module to produce nocturnal cool water not just only generating electrical power and hot water during daytime. Experimental tests were carried out under Chiang Mai tropical climate with a 200 Wp monocrystalline PVT module having dimensions of 1.601 m × 0.828 m connected with two water tanks each of 60 L taken for hot and cool water storages. The module was facing south with 18 o inclination. The electrical load was a 200 W halogen lamp. From experiments, by taking the module as a nocturnal radiative cooling surface, the cool water temperature in the cool storage tank could be reduced 2 o C-3 o C each night and the temperature could be reduced from 31.5 o C to 22.1 o C within 4 consecutive days. The cool water at approximately 23 o C was also used to cool down the PVT module from noon when the PVT module temperature was rather high, and then the module temperature immediately dropped around 5 o C and approximately 10% increase of electrical power could be achieved. A set of mathematical models was also developed to predict the PVT module temperature and the hot water temperature including the cool water temperature in the storage tanks during daytime and nighttime. The simulated results agreed well with the experimental data.

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Section: A Pvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance on Power, Hot and Cold Water Generation of a Hybrid Photovoltaic Thermal Module

Pansiri¹,

Asanakham²,

Deethayat³

et al. 2022

Energy Engineering

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“…Photovoltaic systems with heat pumps are mainly considered for grid-tied cases [20,21] or stand-alone with battery storage backup [22]. The latter takes half CAPEX and an even greater share of TCO, so it is highly important to reduce this component once possible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inverter Heat Pumps as a Variable Load for Off-Grid Solar-Powered Systems

et al. 2023

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The capacity of electric air conditioning and heating systems is growing rapidly, as is the nameplate capacity of PV power plants. While the demand for cooling has a positive correlation with solar irradiance, the demand for heating has an opposite relation. In this study, different approaches to design (aggregation; thermal, battery, and implicit storage) and control (frequency conversion; variable and adaptive load) and their effects on the efficiency of an off-grid active thermal stabilisation system based on a solar-powered heat pump are analysed. The case considered is a permafrost thermal stabilisation system in Norway. It is shown that proper layout and control of the system with an adaptive load can reduce capital expenditures and the total cost of ownership by 30–40%. Increases in the capacity factor and cooling stability of the systems with aggregated and variable loads are studied. The downside is that there is an increase in the compressor’s operation time by 50% with a variable load and by 25% per unit with aggregation, which means more frequent replacement in terms of motor hours. The approaches considered are applicable in a wide range of solar-powered facilities with a positive correlation between solar irradiation and energy demand, but the results are quite case-sensitive. The prospects of using excess refrigerant and soil for thermal energy storage instead of traditional electrochemical batteries are considered.

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“…The climate and energy strategy adopted by the European Union assumes that by 2030 greenhouse gases emission will be reduces by 40% (to the level from 1990), while the energetic efficiency will be improved by at least 32.5% [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The construction and service sectors are of key importance for achieving these goals [1,2]. The carried-out review of the scientific literature regarding research into modelling the electrical energy consumption in buildings [2,3], including schools [4] or office buildings [5,6], confirmed that the topic is up-to-date, but no publications concerning models of automated stores have been found. Automated stores, due to the relatively limited usable space and the lack of open coolers or store refrigerators intended for storing the items, should allow for a reduction in electrical energy consumption and CO 2 emission in comparison to the conventional stores.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling of Automated Store Energy Consumption

Gac,

Góra,

Petko

et al. 2023

Energies

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Over the last decade, a constantly growing trend of the popularization of self-service automated stores has been observed. Vending machines have been expanded into fully automated stores, the offer of which is comparable to small, conventional stores. One of the basic reasons for the popularization of modern automated stores is the reduction in a store’s energy consumption while ensuring a comparable range of products offered. The research into possibilities of reducing greenhouse gases emission is important in terms of the environment and climate protection. The research presented in the paper concerns the development of a model for determining electricity consumption, operating costs and CO2 emission of an automated store designed and developed by Delfin company. In the developed model, the potential location of the store, prevailing climatic conditions and expected product sales are taken into account. Estimated energy demand for the store is the information of key importance for the potential investors and the manufacturer of the automated store. It is worth emphasizing that the average annual electrical energy consumption evaluated for a grocery store of an area of 70 m2 amounted to approximately 38.4 MWh, while for an automated store of an area of 9 m2 and a comparable product range, the electricity consumption was approximately 10.1 MWh, i.e., 74% smaller.

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Performance Analysis and Optimisation of a Solar On-Grid Air Conditioner

Cited by 9 publications

References 15 publications

Performance on Power, Hot and Cold Water Generation of a Hybrid Photovoltaic Thermal Module

Performance on Power, Hot and Cold Water Generation of a Hybrid Photovoltaic Thermal Module

Inverter Heat Pumps as a Variable Load for Off-Grid Solar-Powered Systems

Modelling of Automated Store Energy Consumption

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