Performance Analysis and Optimization of Downlink Transmission in LoRaWAN Class B Mode

Ron, Dara; Lee, Chanjae; Lee, Kisong; Choi, Hyun-Ho; Lee, Jung-Ryun

doi:10.1109/jiot.2020.2994958

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Class B devices are higher power consumption LoRa devices, designed to increase the receive windows of downlink transmissions that are scheduled without requiring an uplink transmission [54]. The synchronisation message from the gateways that increased the UEs energy demand allows downlink re-transmissions to be rescheduled.…”

Section: Device Classesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of IoT for Developing Countries: Performance Analysis of LoRaWAN and Cellular NB-IoT Networks

2021

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Recently, Internet of Things (IoT) deployments have shown their potential for aiding the realisation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Concerns regarding how the IoT can specifically drive SDGs 6, 11 and 9 in developing countries have been raised with respect to the challenges of deploying licensed and unlicensed low-power wide area network (LPWAN) IoT technologies and their opportunities for IoT consumers and service providers. With IoT infrastructure and protocols being ubiquitous and each being proposed for different SDGs, we review and compare the various performance characteristics of LoRaWAN and NB-IoT networks. From the performance analysis of our networks, NB-IoT, one of the standardised promising cellular IoT solutions for developing countries, is more expensive and less energy-efficient than LoRaWAN. Utilising the same user equipment (UE), NB-IoT consumed an excess of 2 mAh of power for joining the network and 1.7 mAh more for a 44-byte uplink message compared to LoRaWAN. However, NB-IoT has the advantage of reliably and securely delivering higher network connection capacity in IoT use cases, leveraging existing cellular infrastructure. With a maximum throughput of 264 bps at 837 ms measured latency, NB-IoT outperformed LoRaWAN and proved robust for machine-type communications. These findings will help IoT consumers and service providers understand the performance differences and deployment challenges of NB-IoT and LoRaWAN and establish new research directions to tackle IoT issues in developing countries. With Nigeria as a case study, for consumers and organisations at a crossroads in their long-term deployment decisions, the proposed LPWAN integrated architecture is an example of the deployment opportunities for consumer and industrial IoT applications in developing countries.

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Section: Device Classesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of IoT for Developing Countries: Performance Analysis of LoRaWAN and Cellular NB-IoT Networks

2021

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Section: Motivation and Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GW informs all EDs about the BW interval through the beacon signal, and this time interval is estimated from the previous BWs. If the BW is longer than the native one (usually 128 s in LoRaWAN Class B [18]), new synchronization information could be carried in FBP to keep EDs synchronized with the network. • For the native LoRaWAN Class B, every ED should wake up in each PS for downlink reception.…”

Section: Access Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Throughput of Distributed Queueing Based LoRa for Long-Distance Communication

Wang

et al. 2021

Preprint

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LoRa, due to its advantage of long-range communication capability, is promising for Internet of Things (IoT) and space-air-ground communications. However, the conventional MAC protocol used with LoRa is classified as an Aloha-based algorithm, which leads to drastic decrease in throughput when a huge amount of end-devices try to access the network. To achieve stable and high throughput of LoRa, we propose a design to combine the distributed queueing (DQ) and in-band-full-duplex (IBFD) technologies. The usage of DQ mechanism is benefit for fast collision resolution, while the IBFD-enabled gateway helps to reduce the heavy-control-overhead of DQ. The designs of access procedure and frame structure are discussed in detail. The outage probability and average throughput are evaluated under imperfect self-interference cancellation. Also, a mathematical programming method is developed to optimize the spreading-factor and code-rate. Numerical results show that our proposal gains an extra enhancement of 1.83-fold in throughput.

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“…These strategies completely or partly schedule uplink transmissions by the gateway, which significantly improves the throughput as well as the fairness among users. In such cases, it would be desirable to relieve the duty cycle restriction like in some areas [18]. Some of the scheduling strategies are fine-grained or coarse-grained methods [11][12][13], which show advantages for periodic traffic applications rather than random or bursty traffic applications (e.g., smart alarm and smart cars), whereas other scheduling strategies which make use of collision detection and resolution [14][15][16][17], especially those based on distributed queueing (DQ) mechanism [16,17], are more efficient for the bursty traffic applications.…”

Section: Motivation and Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 An example to illustrate the access procedure of FDQ-LoRa from the previous BWs. If the BW is longer than the native one (usually 128 s in LoRaWAN class B [18]), new synchronization information could be carried in FBP to keep EDs synchronized with the network. • For the native LoRaWAN class B, every ED should wake up in each PS for downlink reception.…”

Section: Access Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Throughput of distributed queueing-based LoRa for long-distance communication

Wang

et al. 2021

EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process.

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LoRa, due to its advantage of long-range communication capability, is promising for Internet of Things (IoT) and space-air-ground communications. However, the conventional MAC protocol used with LoRa is classified as an Aloha-based algorithm, which leads to drastic decrease in throughput when a huge amount of end-devices try to access the network. To achieve stable and high throughput of LoRa, we propose a design to combine the distributed queueing (DQ) and in-band-full-duplex (IBFD) technologies. The usage of DQ mechanism is benefit for fast collision resolution, while the IBFD-enabled gateway helps to reduce the heavy control overhead of DQ. The designs of access procedure and frame structure are discussed in detail. The outage probability and average throughput are evaluated under imperfect self-interference cancelation. Also, a mathematical programming method is developed to optimize the spreading factor and code rate. Numerical results show that our proposal gains an extra enhancement of 1.83-fold in throughput.

show abstract

Performance Analysis and Optimization of Downlink Transmission in LoRaWAN Class B Mode

Cited by 22 publications

References 18 publications

Survey of IoT for Developing Countries: Performance Analysis of LoRaWAN and Cellular NB-IoT Networks

Survey of IoT for Developing Countries: Performance Analysis of LoRaWAN and Cellular NB-IoT Networks

Throughput of Distributed Queueing Based LoRa for Long-Distance Communication

Throughput of distributed queueing-based LoRa for long-distance communication

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