Performance Analysis, Comparison, and Optimization of Interweave and Underlay Spectrum Access in Cognitive Radio Networks

Mehmeti, Fidan; Spyropoulos, Thrasyvoulos

doi:10.1109/tvt.2018.2828090

Cited by 38 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The performance analysis of the hybrid underlay–interweave access has also been addressed by several studies. For instance, the authors in Reference [ 11 ] have provided expressions that allow the performance comparison of the interweave and underlay modes under a unified network setup. Moreover, in Reference [ 12 ], the authors have presented the downlink capacity region of a secondary network in a multiuser spectrum sharing system for a hybrid underlay–interweave paradigm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Hybrid Interweave–Underlay Countrywide Millimeter-Wave Spectrum Access and Reuse Technique for CR Indoor Small Cells in 5G/6G Era

Saha

2020

Sensors

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In this paper, we propose a hybrid interweave–underlay spectrum access and reuse technique for the dynamic spectrum access and reuse of the countrywide 28 GHz millimeter-wave (mmWave) spectrum to in-building small cells of each mobile network operator (MNO) in a country. For the spectrum access, the proposed technique explores both interweave and underlay spectrum access techniques, whereas, for the spectrum reuse, it considers reusing the countrywide spectrum to each three-dimensional (3D) cluster of small cells in a building. To access the countrywide spectrum, each MNO is considered by paying a licensing fee following its number of subscribers. We present the 3D clustering of in-building of small cells and derive average capacity, spectral efficiency (SE), and energy efficiency (EE). We then perform extensive numerical and simulation results and analyses for an MNO of a country consisting of four MNOs. It is shown that, for no spectrum reuse to in-building small cells, the proposed technique improves average capacity and SE by 3.63 and 2.42 times, respectively, whereas EE improves by 72.79%. However, for vertical spatial reuse of six times (as an example) to small cells in a building, average capacity, SE, and EE improve further by 21.77 times, 14.51 times, and 95.66%, respectively. Moreover, the proposed technique can satisfy SE and EE requirements for sixth-generation (6G) mobile systems by horizontal spatial reuse of the countrywide spectrum to small cells of about 40.62%, 9.37%, and 6.25% less buildings than that required by the traditional static licensed spectrum access (SLSA) technique.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Hybrid Interweave–Underlay Countrywide Millimeter-Wave Spectrum Access and Reuse Technique for CR Indoor Small Cells in 5G/6G Era

Saha

2020

Sensors

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“…The scheme is evaluated under a high traffic CRN. In [17], the authors compare the performance of the interweave and underlay modes of CRNs through a unified network setup. The authors then propose a hybrid scheme for channel access in order to improve the network's throughput and transmission delay.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HBLP: A Hybrid Underlay-Interweave Mode CRN for the Future 5G-Based Internet of Things

Khan

Abbas

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

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Enhancing spectrum utilization efficiency (SUE) to accommodate the multitude of 5G-based IoT devices within the available scarce spectrum has been a pivotal point of research in the current decade. Equipped with interweave and underlay modes, cognitive radio networks (CRNs) are envisioned to be the most promising technology for SUE enhancement. Since the 5G-based IoT is swiftly transforming into a heterogeneous network, hybrid underlay-interweave mode CRNs appear to be the optimal key for SUE enhancement. Besides enhancing SUE, ensuring fairness among secondary users (SUs) to equitably utilize the network's resources in the wake of primary users' (PUs) service emergence has been a critical problem in CRNs. Considering the importance of SUE enhancement, in this paper, we investigate two problems. Firstly, we precisely analyze, in a novel way, the performance of hybrid underlay-interweave mode of CRNs for SUE enhancement from the standpoint of SUs. For this purpose, we propose a hybrid underlay-interweave mode enabled CRN scheme and apply it on a legacy CRN. We model the proposed scheme with continuous time Markov chain and derive closed form expressions for various SUE-related quality of service parameters. The analysis is conducted under dynamic reservation of channels for interrupted users, considering the effects of multi-levels network traffic loads and varying channel failure rates. Secondly, we propose a multi-attribute based fairness driven algorithm for determination and interruption of SUs' services to ensure fairness among services in the network's resources utilization. We evaluate our proposed scheme under both perfect and imperfect spectrum sensing scenarios. The obtained results demonstrate that, as compared to the state-ofthe-art, the proposed scheme significantly enhances SUE while the proposed algorithm achieves a noticeable fairness among SUs' services. INDEX TERMS Cognitive radio networks, dynamic spectrum access, dynamic channel reservation, hybrid underlay-interweave mode, spectrum utilization efficiency.

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“…Theoretically, underlay mode can significantly improve spectrum efficiency due to the fact that it allows secondary users (SUs) to access the licensed spectrum along with active primary users (PUs) at the same time [4][5][6][7][8]. In interweave mode [5,6,9], SUs can be allowed to access the vacant spectrum which is not occupied by any active PUs. Whenever a PU becomes active, SUs must vacate the licensed spectrum immediately.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared to overlay mode, interweave and underlay technologies can achieve higher spectrum utilization. Currently, there is hardly any consensus on which of the two Sensors 2020, 20, 1146 2 of 11 spectrum access modes (interweave and underlay) is more suitable for CRNs system [9]. Therefore, it is of more theoretical and practical significance to investigate hybrid CRN (HCRN) technology which is a mixed spectrum sharing mode by combining the interweave mode and underlay mode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrum Handoff Based on DQN Predictive Decision for Hybrid Cognitive Radio Networks

Cao

Qian

2020

Sensors

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Spectrum handoff is one of the key techniques in a cognitive radio system. In order to improve the agility and the reliability of spectrum handoffs as well as the system throughput in hybrid cognitive radio networks (HCRNs) combing interweave mode with underlay mode, a predictive (or proactive) spectrum handoff scheme based on a deep Q-network (DQN) for HCRNs is proposed in this paper. In the proposed spectrum handoff approach, spectrum handoff success rate is introduced into an optimal spectrum resource allocation model to ensure the reliability of spectrum handoff, and the closed-form expression for the spectrum handoff success rate is obtained based on the Poisson distribution. Furthermore, we exploit the transfer learning strategy to further improve the DQN learning process and finally achieve a priority sequence of target available channels for spectrum handoffs, which can maximize the overall HCRNs throughput while satisfying constraints on secondary users’ interference with primary user, limits on the spectrum handoff success rate, and the secondary users’ performance requirements. Simulation results show that the proposed spectrum handoff scheme outperforms the state-of-the-art spectrum handoff algorithms based on predictive decision in terms of the convergence rate, the handoff success rate and the system throughput.

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Performance Analysis, Comparison, and Optimization of Interweave and Underlay Spectrum Access in Cognitive Radio Networks

Cited by 38 publications

References 38 publications

A Hybrid Interweave–Underlay Countrywide Millimeter-Wave Spectrum Access and Reuse Technique for CR Indoor Small Cells in 5G/6G Era

A Hybrid Interweave–Underlay Countrywide Millimeter-Wave Spectrum Access and Reuse Technique for CR Indoor Small Cells in 5G/6G Era

HBLP: A Hybrid Underlay-Interweave Mode CRN for the Future 5G-Based Internet of Things

Spectrum Handoff Based on DQN Predictive Decision for Hybrid Cognitive Radio Networks

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