Performance analysis of a combined cooling, heating, and power system driven by a waste biomass fired Stirling engine

Abstract

Due to the soaring costs and demand of energy in recent years, combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) systems have arisen as an alternative to conventional power generation based on their potential to provide reductions in cost, primary energy consumption, and emissions. However, the application of these systems is commonly limited to internal combustion engine prime movers that use natural gas as the primary fuel source. Investigation of more efficient prime movers and renewable fuel applications is an integral part of improving CCHP technology. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyse the performance of a CCHP system driven by a biomass fired Stirling engine. The study is carried out by considering an hour-byhour CCHP simulation for a small office building located in Atlanta, Georgia. The hourly thermal and electrical demands for the building were obtained using the EnergyPlus software. Results for burning waste wood chip biomass are compared to results obtained burning natural gas to illustrate the effects of fuel choice and prime mover power output on the overall CCHP system performance. Based on the specified utility rates and including excess production buyback, the results suggest that fuel prices of less than $23/MWh must be maintained for savings in cost compared to the conventional case. In addition, the performance of the CCHP system using the Stirling engine is compared with the conventional system performance. This comparison is based on operational cost and primary energy consumption. When electricity can be sold back to the grid, results indicate that a wood chip fired system yields a potential cost savings of up to 50 per cent and a 20 per cent increase in primary energy consumption as compared with the conventional system. On the other hand, a natural gas fired system is shown to be ineffective for cost and primary energy consumption savings with increases of up to 85 per cent and 24 per cent compared to the conventional case, respectively. The variations in the operational cost and primary energy consumption are also shown to be sensitive to the electricity excess production and buyback rate. and power (CCHP) and combined heating and power (CHP) systems have arisen as an alternative for conventional power generation. CCHP systems are classically characterized by the use of a prime mover (such as internal combustion (IC) engines and turbine engines) coupled to a generator and driven on-site to satisfy an electrical demand of the facility. In addition, the waste heat from the prime mover is utilized to satisfy the on-site demands for cooling and heating (thermal demands). For CCHP applications, it is desirable to utilize a prime mover that has favourable

A techno-enviro-economic assessment of a biomass fuelled micro-CCHP driven by a hybrid Stirling and ORC engine

“…Several other research efforts have focused on comparing the performance of micro-CCHP systems when fired by different biomass feed stocks [23][24][25]. Damirchiet al [23] conducted experiments to investigate the technical viability of using bagasse, pruned wood, poplar, switch grass and saw dust to fire a micro gamma Stirling engine driven CHP plant.…”

“…They found that the plant produced comparable power outputs for both biomass fuels although lower CHP efficiency was achieved when fired with bagasse pellets compared with woodchips because of the higher ash content of the former. Harrod and Mago [25] investigated the performance of a biomass fuel energised CCHP engine driven by a Stirling engine operating at constant efficiency, and meeting constant thermal heat load.…”

Design and fabrication of thermoelectric waste heat reutilization system-possible industrial application

“…Sharma and Kumar aimed to reveal a 4‐alloy system for the metal hydrides to improve upon cycle efficiency to facilitate the operation over a higher temperature range and thereby upgrade the ability to recover waste heat. Harrod and Mago conducted a study on a constant output, biomass‐fired, Stirling engine‐based combined cooling, heating, and power system to evaluate the performance each of the components, including the prime mover, heat recovery system, auxiliary boiler, absorption chiller, and heating coil unit. Hoshi et al built a biomass‐fired Stirling engine operating in situ with thermoelectric generation modules to recover and generate energy simultaneously from industrial smoke carrying about 43% of the input energy.…”