Performance Analysis of a Small-Scale Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System:a Real Case Study in Egypt

Abstract

Renewable energy sources, especially PV systems, which become more significant sources of energy, are attracting considerable commercial interest. Nonetheless, the integration of the PV power plants to the utility grids may cause several operational problems for distribution networks. The severity of these problems directly depends on the percentage of PV penetration and the geography of the installation. Hence, knowing the possible impact of small gridconnected PV systems on distribution networks can provide feasible solutions before practical implementations in real-time. The electrical power generated from photovoltaic (PV) array depends mainly on the weather conditions. So, the PV solar grid-connected inverters should equip with the control system to meet a fast response of solar irradiance change. This study includes performance analysis for data and measurements which real-time from the PV gridconnected system site according to Egyptian PV-LV code-2014, simulation by using MATLAB/Simulink, and cost analysis for connecting small-scale 39.78 kW photovoltaic (SSPV) system to LV distribution networks. Power quality parameters are measured for the output of the installed PV system at the Holy Family School in Helwan, Egypt. The proposed system model is built on MATLAB/Simulink and simulated under daily weather conditions to test its operating performance. The power quality indices at the inverter output side have been measured using PA-9-plus power quality analyzer. The cost analysis of SSPV generator based on the weather conditions will lead to new investments. The system has been installed in October 2016, produces 68.966MWh/year annual energy yield, and reaches its initial cost in 6.2198 years. The produced electricity by the system is injected directly into the grid without storage devices (On-grid Plant).

A Real-Time Energy Management System Design for a Developed PV-Based Distributed Generator Considering the Grid Code Requirements in Turkey

“…Passive methods are operated by measuring the point of common coupling voltage and current in general. Besides, the reliability of the passive techniques is not sufficient for DGs because there is a large non-detection zone (NDZ) in these methods [4][5][6]. Active methods usually check the changes in the injected signal to the grid, and these methods also have NDZ.…”

“…Many countries have established some electrical criteria, taking into consideration the requirements and infrastructure of the national grid called "Grid Code" within this scope [1,2]. While a DG system provides the conditions for connecting to the grid, the necessary monitoring and protection equipment must be present at the grid side [3,4]. For this reason, the DG system must be installed in such a way that it can take the protection…”

A Novel SDM Discrete Search-Based Parameter Estimation for PV Solar Cells and Modules

“…The model estimated current is formulated as in (4), as depicted in [25]. In (4), five unknown parameters are defined as a solution vector for the SDM and formulated in (5).…”

“…Prediction of possible impacts caused by the insertion of a small PV system planet into the utility grid is necessary before real application to avoid the problems that will initiate in the distribution network. The inverters of the PV system can adapt the generated voltage Revised:15 June, 2022, Accepted:26 September , 2022 under varying irradiance; hence the power quality is increased [5].Different mathematical equations are formulated for PV solar cell and module models. On the other hand, electrical circuit models are more accessible and widely used as PV solar cell and module models.…”