“…17,18 Hydrogen (H 2 ) has a fast combustion rate and its laminar flame propagation speed is much higher than that of methane (about 2.70 m/s for hydrogen and 0.38 m/s for CH 4 ), therefore blending hydrogen combustion can effectively increase the in-cylinder combustion rate of natural gas engines and improve the engine stability, while reducing the unburned total hydrocarbon (THC) emissions. 19,20 For natural gas engines under stoichiometric conditions, hydrogen doping (H 2 ) causes higher in-cylinder combustion temperatures and more NO x formation. The higher in-cylinder temperature will lead to an increase in exhaust energy losses and a decrease in engine thermal efficiency 21,22 On the other hand, hydrogen doping can effectively extend the lean limit of natural gas engines, 23 which means by enhancing the in-cylinder excess air ratio of a hydrogen doping engine, the engine thermal efficiency can be promoted, 24 meanwhile, the NO x formation and emission can be reduced.…”