Performance analysis of mode division multiplexing based free space optics system incorporating on–off keying and polarization shift keying under dynamic environmental conditions

Performance analysis of long‐reach 40/40 Gbps mode division multiplexing‐based hybrid time and wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network/free‐space optics using Gamma‐Gamma fading model with pointing error under different weather conditions

“…where r stands for curvature radius, s and l stand for x-and y-axis modes dependencies, respectively, 0 stands for spot size, L s and L l present the Laguerre polynomials, R 0 presents the normalized radius, and denote beam divergence and atmospheric attenuation coefficient, respectively. 58 In this proposed system, the excited four LG modes' spatial profiles are presented in Figure 3. Figure 2 shows three basic sections of PON, namely, the central office (CO) or an OLT, ODN and various ONUs for providing services to end-users, distributed remote nodes (RNs) and end-users' premises, respectively.…”

Cost-Efficient Hybrid WDM-MDM-Ro-FSO System for Broadband Services in Hospitals

“…Researchers have used four OAM beams (1 ±1 and 1 ±3) to transmit 400 Gbps data through an FSO link of 120 m in 2016 [17]; MDM-OFDM scheme to transmit 80 Gbps data through an FSO link of 50 km in 2017 [7]; and MDM-based polarisation phase shift key scheme to transmit 80 Gbps data through an FSO link of 90 km in 2020 [18]. Researchers have also proposed hybrid multiplexing-based multi-channel communication systems including wavelength division multiplexing (WDM)-MDM [19], Optical code division multiplexing (OCDMA)-MDM [20] and WDM-PDM [21]. Combining MDM with WDM can increase aggregate capacity and improve spectral efficiency of Ro-FSO infrastructures which has potential application in hospital infrastructures.…”

Performance analysis of coherent free‐space optics transmission link using in‐phase quadrature modulator‐based polarization multiplexed‐256‐quadrature amplitude modulation

“…The authors report reliable 5 Gbit/s‐10 GHz‐2.5 km free‐space transmission over clear weather with acceptable performance. Grover et al reported the performance comparison of polarization shift keying and on‐off keying modulation scheme in an SDM‐based FSO link using dynamic climate conditions 18 . The authors reported that polarization shift keying modulation performs better and demonstrated transportation of two independent 40 Gbit/s data streams along 90 km free‐space range using Laguerre Gaussian beams.…”

“…The authors reported feasible transportation of 10 independent 10 Gbit/s NRZ‐encoded data signals over 8 km free‐space range with acceptable BER of the link. The incorporation of SDM in FSO links as reported in References 13‐20 increase the information rate of the system, but the intermodal crosstalk losses under turbulent weather conditions reduce the feasibility and transmission reach of such links.…”

“…The IQM‐based coherent transceiver and DSP units can practically be implemented on integrated circuits, making the proposed system a cost‐effective FSO solution 34 . Using the proposed link, 160 Gbit/s information is transmitted at 10 Gbaud symbol rate over a single‐frequency optical carrier signal, which is more spectral‐efficient in comparison to recent works reported in References 2‐20. Section 2 describes the schematic and principle of PM‐256‐QAM‐based FSO link.…”