Performance analysis of SFBC‐FSTD in multiple‐input single‐output‐VLC systems with co‐channel interference

Design and analysis of an optical camera communication system for underwater applications

“…1. Further, difference interference cancellation techniques to improve the performance of VLC systems are also provided in [40,41].…”

Capacity enhancement of an indoor visible light communication system using cooperative transmission

“…where R is the responsivity of the receiver, also known as the optical-to-electrical (O/E) conversion efficiency, σ w 2 = N 0 B is the variance of the noise predominately caused by the ambient-induced shot noise [21] and modelled as real-valued additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) with zero mean and power spectral density N 0 = qRP bg [21] over the modulation bandwidth of the LED B. Here, q = 1.6 × 10 −19 is the elementary charge and P bg is the optical power of the background light.…”

“…it is impossible to recover the data when the signals are received with approximately equal power [12]. Several authors have proposed techniques to mitigate CCI, such as inter-lighting interference cancellation (ILIC) [18] and enhanced-ILIC [19], and to avoid CCI by using frequency planning [17] and coordinating the data transmission among the LEDs [1,6,14,20], which can cooperate to transmit common data that can be encoded when transmit diversity is employed [5,15,21]. Since cooperative transmission and ILIC are performed in the transmitter and the receiver, respectively, as described below, they can work together to improve the performance of an indoor VLC system while sharing frequency resources.…”

“…Alternatively, CCI can also be avoided by coordinating the data transmission [17] among the LEDs, which can cooperate to transmit a common data [20], e.g. when the common data is encoded using transmit diversity, each cooperative LED forwards a column of a deterministic code matrix, such as space-time block code (STBC) for two LEDs [5,15], space-frequency block codefrequency switched transmit diversity (SFBC-FSTC) for four LEDs [21], and so on. Employing cooperative transmission, the interference between adjacent LEDs is converted into the desired signal [2,13,17]; hence, the received signals from cooperative LEDs are useful for the receiver [12] to decode the information.…”

Performance enhancement using decentralised cooperative transmission in an MISO‐VLC system

“…To meet the lighting requirements that is set to a minimum illuminance of 400 lx for office room with which it is possible to transmit data with high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) [11,13], several LEDs with wide semi-angle at half power must be installed inside a room [8]; it also provides better lighting in many directions [7] though their illumination areas overlap allowing to implement multiple-input-single-output (MISO) or multiple-input multipleoutput schemes in VLC systems [11,14] due to the user terminal can receive signals from several LEDs separated spatially. However, when the LEDs simultaneously transmit unique data over the same frequency resources, it is difficult for the receiver to recover the desired information [14] due to the interference caused by the adjacent LEDs, which is known as co-channel interference (CCI), is unavoidable [1,12,15,16]. Several authors have reported solutions such as inter-lighting interference cancellation [17], joint transmission or cooperative transmission [1,12,15], in which the LEDs coordinate the data transmission [7] and the combination of cooperative transmission with transmit diversity was investigated in [14,16,18].…”