Performance Analysis of the Lithium-ion Battery RC Equivalent Circuit Model Using EPA Drive Cycles

Linear Parameter-Varying Model Predictive Control for Intelligent Energy Management in Battery/Supercapacitor Electric Vehicles

“…Equivalent circuit models are suitable for model-based controllers as they represent the battery cell using electrical elements, such as voltage sources, resistors, and capacitors. These models include the single RC branch model, double RC branch model, and triple RC branch model, among which the double RC branch model is accurate enough to capture the dynamic behavior of the battery cell and can be effectively utilized as a control-oriented model in LPV-MPC [39], [49]- [53]. In Fig.…”

“…In this paper, the LPV model of the HESS is developed as a predictive model based on the dynamic RC model of the battery, which is more accurate than the static one [39]. The state-space model depends on the HESS parameters, including the resistance, capacitance, voltage, and SoC of the battery, SoV of the SC, and efficiency factors in the charging and discharging modes of the bi-directional dc-dc converter.…”