Performance and body composition of finishing gilts (45 to 85 kilograms) as affected by energy intake and nutrition in earlier life: II. Protein and lipid accretion in body components.

Abstract

Forty-eight commercial hybrid gilts were used to investigate the response relationships between energy intake and deposition of protein and lipid in body components of finishing pigs (45 to 85 kg) as affected by previous nutrition. Two groups of 24 gilts received a single diet either at 2.2 (restricted pigs) or 3.7 (control pigs) times maintenance (M) from 20 to 45 kg. From 45 to 85 kg, pigs from each of these two groups were fed the same diet at one of six intake levels (1.7, 2.2, 2.7, 3.2, or 3.7 x M, or adlibitum). At 85 kg, the gilts were dissected and analyzed. Protein content in the whole body decreased curvilinearly from 190 to 166 g/kg (P < .001) and lipid content increased from 116 to 210 g/kg (P < .001) with increasing energy intake. The mean content of protein was 6 g/kg higher and of lipid 29 g/kg lower (both P < .001) in previously restricted gilts. Protein (PD) and lipid deposition (LD) in the whole body, organs, lean, and fat tissue increased linearly (P < .001) with increasing energy intake. In the whole body, PD increased from 83 to 187 g/d and LD from 46 to 392 g/d. The respective response relationships in grams/day were PD = 21.8 + 3.78 x DEI and LD = -193 + 13.7 x DEI(DEI is digestible energy intake, MJ/d). The LD:PD ratio increased curvilinearly from .6 to 2.2. Previous nutrition had only small effects on PD and LD. Only PD in the organs was on average 7 g/d higher (P < .001) in previously restricted gilts. Thus, the higher protein content and the lower lipid content in previously restricted gilts was not primarily the results of compensation but was almost entirely present at the end of the restriction phase at 45 kg.

Effect of feed intake on heat production and protein and fat deposition in milk-fed veal calves

“…Additionally, marginal PD and LD were oppositely affected by ME intake as animals got older (Table 5), in agreement with previous results in pigs (Bikker et al, 1996a) and in calves (Vermorel, 1975). As shown in Table 5, the marginal response of PD to ME intake decreased from 9.3 to 6.7 g/MJ as animals got older (or heavier) whereas the marginal LD increased from 10.1 to 11.3 g/MJ.…”

The response of various muscle types to a restriction–re-alimentation feeding strategy in growing pigs

“…In addition, the differences in gut, liver and perirenal fat weights noticed between RA and AL pigs at LW80 were no longer significant at LW110, indicating a higher growth rate of these organs in RA pigs than in AL pigs with re-feeding. The modified composition of weight gain through higher fat than lean deposition Feeding strategy and muscle composition in pigs together with the higher growth rate of organs during refeeding confirms previous findings (Bikker et al, 1996b;Blanchard et al, 1999;Skiba et al, 2004) and indicates that compensation mainly occurs in the tissues and organs discriminated by feed restriction. Consequently, carcass composition did not differ between feeding regimen at 110 kg LW, except a lower backfat depth that led to a higher LMC FoM in the RA pigs.…”

A dynamic growth model for prediction of nutrient partitioning and manure production in growing–finishing pigs: Model development and evaluation

“…The protein and lipid deposition were determined using the comparative slaughter technique. In the second study, pigs were offered feed at either 2.2 or 3.7 times maintenance between 20 and 45 kg of BW followed by 6 levels of feeding from 45 to 85 kg of BW (Bikker et al, 1996). In the last study considered (Bikker et al, 1994), the lysine requirement for these animals was determined at 2 levels of feeding.…”

“…Different equation types (linear, power, and exponential) representing FI are available in the literature (e.g., Whittemore et al, 2001). Feed intake was a model input and represented as a function of BW, which was developed based on experiments by Bikker et al (1994Bikker et al ( , 1995Bikker et al ( , 1996. Feed intake in the individual pig fluctuates over time and there is substantial variability between pigs.…”

“…Data from several studies collected by Bikker et al (1994Bikker et al ( , 1995Bikker et al ( , 1996 were used to test the model for its predicted response to energy and lysine intake. In the first study (Bikker et al, 1995), pigs were offered feed at 6 levels ranging from 1.7 times maintenance to ad libitum feeding between 20 and 45 kg of BW.…”