Performance and economic comparison of fixed and tracking photovoltaic systems in Jordan

Hammad, Bashar; Al-Sardeah, Ali; Al-Abed, Mohammad A.; Nijmeh, Salem; Al-Ghandoor, A.

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.241

Cited by 86 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The discount rates considered are estimated in different ways and vary according to the study. For Hammad et al [88], the discount rate assumed is equal to the bank's interest rate under bank lending conditions, considered to be 6.7%. In Schopfer et al's work [66], the defined discount rate was 4%.…”

Section: Discount Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inflation is generally considered by the authors on the prices of energy tariffs. According to Hammad et al [88], the inflation rate is a percentage that should be considered as an interest rate in the increase in the electricity tariff, and as a reference for calculating the discount rate. For Rocha et al [87], the cash flow is derived from variables such as the interest rate, the value of the energy sold to the concessionaire, and the cost of purchasing the equipment, which may vary during the life of the project.…”

Section: Inflation Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification and Analysis of Impact Factors on the Economic Feasibility of Photovoltaic Energy Investments

et al. 2020

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The introduction of environmental impact targets around the world has highlighted the need to adopt alternative sources of energy, which can supply the demand and mitigate the damage caused to the environment. Solar energy is one of the main sources of alternative energy, and is considered an abundant source of clean energy. However, to facilitate and encourage investors interested in the installation of photovoltaic energy systems for electricity production, it is essential to evaluate the factors that impact the economic viability of the projects. Therefore, the objective of this research is to present a systematic analytical framework, in order to identify and analyze the main factors that impact the financial feasibility of projects for the installation of photovoltaic energy plants. For this purpose, a systematic literature review was carried out, analyzing the main studies related to the topic and identifying the main factors that may financially affect investments in photovoltaic energy systems. From this review, 29 influencing factors were identified and separated into five categories, namely, location, economic, political, climatic and environmental, and technical factors. The main factors highlighted are the investment cost, power generation, operation and maintenance costs, solar radiation, lifetime, energy tariff, efficiency, electricity consumption, and interest and taxes. The results may assist policy makers, investors, researchers, and other stakeholders to identify the key factors that are being examined in the literature, and to evaluate which ones should be considered in their study to ensure the sustainable development of power generation through the solar source.

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Section: Discount Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Inflation Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Analysis of Impact Factors on the Economic Feasibility of Photovoltaic Energy Investments

et al. 2020

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“…Many PV system optimization efforts have utilized these factors from performance and economic perspectives [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. In this research the focus is on the environmental factors and status of the PV panels where the designated location and time/date play a significant role in the performance of the PV panels.…”

Section: Journal Of Solar Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Solar Energy Harvesting: An Empirical Approach

Almusaied

Asiabanpour

Aslan

2018

Journal of Solar Energy

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Renewable energy is the path for a sustainable future. The development in this field is progressing rapidly and solar energy is at the heart of this development. The performance and efficiency limitations are the main obstacles preventing solar energy from fulfilling its potential. This research intends to improve the performance of solar panels by identifying and optimizing the affecting factors. For this purpose, a mechanical system was developed to hold and control the tilt and orientation of the photovoltaic panel. A data acquisition system and electrical system were built to measure and store performance data of the photovoltaic panels. A design of experiments and Response Surface Methodology were used to investigate the impact of these factors on the yield response as well as the output optimization. The findings of the experiment showed an optimum result with a tilt of 60° from the horizon, an azimuth angel of 45° from the south, and a clean panel condition. The wind factor showed insignificant impact within the specified range.

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“…This characteristic should be measured by the balance between profits and costs (Internal Rate of Return, IRR, [12] [13]). According to NREL [14], in a rough approximation, IRR increases in a 50-60% when solar tracking is considered [5] [15]. These systems also rise the maintenance costs, as they present a 45% of the unexpected failures on PV systems (but only lead to a 10% associated production losses) [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The EPBT depends on irradiation levels, ranging from 1.2 to 2.5 years [17] [18]. For a 2-axis solar tracking system, EPBT increases up to 6.5 years [15]. In this paper, a brief overview about the influence of the global costs on the decision of the utilization of a tracker PV array will be provided.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PV Tracker System Net Gain Associated to the Local Climatic Conditions

Landeira¹

2018

IJRASET

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The optimization procedure on a photovoltaic system design implies the best compromise between energetic production (EP) and overall associated costs (OAC), which include economic and environmental. Both variables depend on the available solar radiation; strongly the EP and, in a lesser extent, the OAC. In this paper, the required conditions so that a PV tracking system produces a net gain with respect to a PV fixed system will be evaluated. This analysis is performed as function of the location's climatic conditions in terms of production and associated multidimensional costs, including EPBT and IRR. To avoid theoretical model dependences, the whole study has been carried out under real sun conditions on a medium irradiation region. For it, an 8-month historical monitoring data of a grid-connected PV field have been analyzed. The installation has two samemanufacturer polycrystalline arrays installed the same year, one of them with a 2-axis tracker and the other in fixed tilt position. As general result, a simple algorithm for tracker net gain evaluation as function of global and diffuse radiation is provided. Also, the net benefit limit value for a tracker system as function of the diffuse fraction is calculated. Keywords: PV design, Solar tracker, Multidimensional cost, Solar radiation, Diffuse fraction I. INTRODUCTIONIn the actual renewable energies paradigm, the selection of the most appropriate design for a given location relies on the best compromise between energy production and associated overall costs. Considering the solar photo voltaics, the energy production strongly depends on the climate and the PV system design (fixed tilt or solar tracker system). The associated overall costs consider not only economic but also the environment associated costs. The solar tracker installation optimizes a PV system in terms of energetic production. According to several authors, a 2-axis solar tracker provides between 12% and a 35% more gain in terms of production than a fixed tilt array. The wide spectrum of responses can be adjudicated to the high dependence on meteorological models, the limited historical databases and, of course, to the different climatic characteristics of the experimental setups location used for the analyses. Several studies regarding the energy production increase when installing 2-axis solar trackers have been developed. [8]. These studies tend to lead to the conclusion of the high profitability of installing a 2-axis solar tracking system. Nevertheless, other studies consider the solar tracking suitability in overcast conditions [9][10], concluding that overcast conditions lead to less production when considering tracking systems than fixed horizontal arrays. This dependence can be evaluated through the Clearness Index (KT). As this paper focus on directly measurable parameters [11], this variable will not be considered as it is obtained with mathematical models. Thus, the production as a function of directly measurable parameters should be assessed. To improve previous results,...

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Performance and economic comparison of fixed and tracking photovoltaic systems in Jordan

Cited by 86 publications

References 45 publications

Identification and Analysis of Impact Factors on the Economic Feasibility of Photovoltaic Energy Investments

Identification and Analysis of Impact Factors on the Economic Feasibility of Photovoltaic Energy Investments

Optimization of Solar Energy Harvesting: An Empirical Approach

PV Tracker System Net Gain Associated to the Local Climatic Conditions

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