Performance and emission characteristics of constant speed diesel engine fueled by surfactant-free microemulsions

Abrar, Iyman; Bhaskarwar, Ashok N.

doi:10.1016/j.seta.2021.101414

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The cetane number represents the fuel's ignition delay or period between the start of fuel injection and the start of combustion. The longer ignition delay would cause uncontrolled combustion and increase NOx emissions 48 . Microemulsions' cetane number is lower because alcohols have a lower cetane number 49 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable diesel microemulsion using diammonium ionic liquids and their effects on fuel properties, particle size characteristics and combustion calculations

El Nagy,

Mohamed

2024

Sci Rep

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Ecofriendly and stable Fuel Microemulsions based on renewable components were prepared through solubilizing ethanol in diesel and waste cooking oil blend (4:1). New diquaternary ammonium ionic liquids (3a & 3b) were synthesized through a quaternization reaction of the synthesized dihaloester with diethyl ethanolamine tridecantrioate and triethyl amine tridecantrioate, respectively. The chemical structures were elucidated by NMR spectroscopy. It was observed from DLS analyses that the ethanol particles in all samples have sizes between 4.77 to 11.22 nm. The distribution becomes narrower with the decrease in the ionic liquid concentrations. The fuel properties fall within the ASTM D975 acceptable specifications and are close to the neat diesel properties. The Cetane index were 53 and 53.5, heating values were 38.5 and 38.5 MJ/kg, viscosities were 2.91 and 2.98 mm2/s, densities were 8.26 and 8.29 g/mL and flash points were 49 °C and 48 °C for 3a1 and 3b1 microemulsions, respectively. The particle sizes of samples were examined by DLS for 160 days and they were significantly stable. The amount of ethanol solubilized increases with the increase in the amount of the synthesized ionic liquids and cosurfactant. The combustion calculations pointed out that the microemulsions 3a1 and 3b1 need 13.07 kg air/kg fuel and 12.79 kg air/kg fuel, respectively, which are less than the air required to combust the pure diesel. According to theoretical combustion, using ionic liquids saves the air consumption required for combustion and reduces the quantities of combustion products. The prepared microemulsions were successfully used as a diesel substitute due to their improved combustion properties than pure diesel and low pollution levels.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable diesel microemulsion using diammonium ionic liquids and their effects on fuel properties, particle size characteristics and combustion calculations

El Nagy,

Mohamed

2024

Sci Rep

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“…The engine performance in this study was represented by brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and brake thermal efficiency (BTE)(Abrar and Bhaskarwar, 2021). The fuel volumes of the selected biofuels were estimated before and after the engine test to obtain the fuel consumption.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A digital tachometer and power meter were used to measure rotational speeds of the engine and to measure current and voltage, respectively. The BSFCs and BTEs of the selected biofuels at different loads were calculated from Equation () and ().

BSFC = C / {normalP}_{normale}

where BSFC is the brake specific fuel consumption (g/kWh), C is the amount of fuel consumed in the test (g/h), and P e is the actual power available to the shaft (kW).

BTE = \frac{BP}{HC} \times 100

where BTE is the brake thermal efficiency (%), BP is the brake power (W) calculated from Equation (), and HC is the heat combustion (J/s) calculated from Equation ().

BP = \frac{2 πNT}{60}

HC = Fuel consumption x HV x \frac{1000}{3600}

where T is a torque (N.m), N is an engine speed (rpm), fuel consumption is expressed in l/h, and HV is the heating value (kJ/l)(Abrar and Bhaskarwar 2021).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase stability, fuel properties, and diesel engine performance of palm‐oil‐based microemulsion biofuels

Attaphong

Morawan

Sarikprueck

et al. 2023

J Surfact & Detergents

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Microemulsification and blending are two viscosity‐modifying techniques of vegetable oils for direct use with diesel engine. In this study, alcohol blends are mixtures of ethanol, diesel, and palm‐oil biodiesel while microemulsion biofuels are thermodynamically stable, clear, and single‐phase mixtures of diesel, palm oil, and ethanol stabilized by surfactants and cosurfactants. Although there are many studies on biofuels lately, there is limited research on using biodiesel as a surfactant in microemulsion formulations and applied on engine performance at different engine loads. Therefore, the objectives are to investigate phase stability and fuel properties of formulated biofuels (various blends and microemulsions), to determine the engine performance at different engine loads (no load, and from 0.5 to 2.0 kW), and to estimate laboratory‐scale cost of the selected biofuels compared to diesel and biodiesel. The results showed that phase stability and fuel properties of selected microemulsion biofuels are comparable to diesel and biodiesel. These microemulsion biofuels can be applied to the diesel engine at different loads while diesel‐ethanol blends and palm‐oil‐biodiesel‐ethanol blends cannot be. It was found that the energy efficiencies of the system using microemulsion biofuels were slightly lower than the average energy efficiency of diesel engine. From this study, it can be summarized that microemulsion biofuels can be formulated using palm‐oil biodiesel (palm‐oil methyl ester) as a bio‐based surfactant and they can be considered as environmentally‐friendly alternatives to diesel and biodiesel. However, cost considerations showed that the raw materials should be locally available to reduce additional costs of microemulsion biofuels.

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Enhanced Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil Using ZnO Nanocatalyst

Gada,

Dusi,

Abrar

2023

Springer Proceedings in Materials

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Performance and emission characteristics of constant speed diesel engine fueled by surfactant-free microemulsions

Cited by 6 publications

References 39 publications

Stable diesel microemulsion using diammonium ionic liquids and their effects on fuel properties, particle size characteristics and combustion calculations

Stable diesel microemulsion using diammonium ionic liquids and their effects on fuel properties, particle size characteristics and combustion calculations

Phase stability, fuel properties, and diesel engine performance of palm‐oil‐based microemulsion biofuels

Enhanced Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil Using ZnO Nanocatalyst

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