Performance and energy consumption evaluation of a fertiliser drawn forward osmosis (FDFO) system for water recovery from brackish water

Interlayered Forward Osmosis Membranes with Ti3C2Tx MXene and Carbon Nanotubes for Enhanced Municipal Wastewater Concentration

“…The growing world population faces increasing water scarcity, environmental issues, and resource depletion, all of which have become major challenges in the 21st century. Membrane-based technology has played a key role in addressing these problems by recovering water, energy, nutrients, and other resources from municipal wastewater. − Compared to conventional membrane processes [e.g., reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF)], which are driven by external pressure, the osmotically driven forward osmosis (FO) process has many advantages, such as a lower fouling tendency − and lower energy consumption in certain applications. − An interesting application scenario for FO is in the context of wastewater treatment (e.g., nutrient-rich wastewater, activated sludge, and raw sewage ,, ), in which the use of FO can simultaneously concentrate nutrients, reclaim water, and reject micropollutants. At the same time, the draw solution (e.g., fertilizer and brine from seawater desalination) can be diluted in the FO process.…”

Evaluating Fertilizer-Drawn Forward Osmosis Performance in Treating Anaerobic Palm Oil Mill Effluent

“…Water recovery (Rec) is the percentage ratio of the water volume recovered from FS to the initial volume of FS (V Rec /V F,0 ), which gives an indication of the amount of water recovered from the FO process. The volume of water recovered (V Rec ) was determined based on the mass of water that migrated from the FS to the DS and was calculated using the equation below [ 11 ]: where V F,0 is the initial volume of FS and other variables are as described previously.…”

“…The water flux recovery is the percentage ratio of the recovered flux after cleaning to the initial baseline flux (J W,Rec /J W,b ). The flux was measured under the same conditions as the baseline experiment [ 6 , 11 ]. Flux recovery gave a measure of how efficient the membrane cleaning process was.…”

“…Recently, more studies are focusing on the potential of the forward osmosis (FO) filtration process in treating water and wastewater for nutrient or resource recovery [ 9 , 10 , 11 ]. The FO process is driven by the osmotic pressure differential across the membrane, rather than hydraulic pressure differential (as in reverse osmosis), for transport of water through the membrane.…”

Comparison of dual stage ultrafiltration and hybrid ultrafiltration-forward osmosis process for harvesting microalgae (Tetraselmis sp.) biomass

“…The specific energy consumption of the UF process and FO process have been calculated using equation 3 (Shrivastava & Stevens, 2018) and equation 4 (Lambrechts & Sheldon, 2019) , respectively:…”