Performance and Microbial Community of Novel Three-Stage Waterfall Aeration Grooves Biofilm Reactor for Treating Decentralized Wastewater in Rural Areas

Combining a novel biofilm reactor with a constructed wetland for rural, decentralized wastewater treatment

“…The same synthetic wastewater used in lab experiment as in previous studies [24] was used. Table S2 shows its detailed composition.…”

“…Six biofilm samples from different parts of the lab-scale WABR-CW system were characterized using 16S rRNA amplicon technology. Microbial community richness and diversity are described by OTUs, Chao1, Simpson, Shannon and Coverage [24] which are summarized in Table 3. The OTUs of biofilm samples were 482, 539, 435, 622, 734 and 473 in BF1, BF2, BF3, CW1, CW2 and CW3 respectively.…”

“…In general, the WABR-CW pilot test treated 63 m³ of aquaculture waste water, of which 56.7 m 3 (0.81 m 3 /d×70 day) was recycled and 6.3 m 3 (0.09 m 3 /d×70 day) was discharged. Furthermore, to provide a wider range of possible uses, the perforated distribution pipe of WABR could be replaced by a small container with overflow dam to avoid pipe clogging in treating high suspended solids wastewater [24]. In comparison to decentralized wastewater treatment studies in Table 4, the WABR-CW demonstrated very good performance in organic and nutrients removal (especially TP).…”

“…wastewater [24]. The design of a WABR consists of a fixed biofilm on several levels of carriers, and the technology has been proven successful for organic load reduction [25].…”

Pollutant removal from municipal sewage by a microaerobic up-flow oxidation ditch coupled with micro-electrolysis

“…The problems of mechanical aeration can be avoided using waterfall aeration, which has been proven in our built-up sewage treatment station. There are a few studies that treated low-chemical oxygen demand (COD)/total nitrogen (TN) ratio synthetic wastewater using a single microaerobic reactor with waterfall aeration [ 30 , 31 ]. However, up-flow oxidation ditches (UODs), which are multi-stage serial intermittent up-flow sludge reactors, have drawn less attention in the treatment of real municipal sewage.…”