Performance and Ratings Based Measures of Executive Function in School-Aged Children with Down Syndrome

Daunhauer, Lisa A.; Gerlach-McDonald, Brianne; Will, Elizabeth; Fidler, Deborah J.

doi:10.1080/87565641.2017.1360303

Cited by 43 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Individuals with DS demonstrate pronounced challenges in aspects of EF by the time they reach elementary school (Daunhauer et al . ; Will et al . ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; Daunhauer et al . ; Godfrey and Lee ). In addition, although the most predominating outcome associated with DS is ID, DS is associated with numerous comorbid conditions, such as autism spectrum disorder (DiGuiseppi et al .…”

Section: Distal Factors: Biomedical Riskmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Throughout the lifespan, DS is associated with overall delayed cognitive skill acquisition and specific disruptions in the development of working memory, long-term memory, spatial processing and executive function (EF; Lanfranchi et al 2004;Lavenex et al 2015;Daunhauer et al 2017;Godfrey and Lee 2018). In addition, although the most predominating outcome associated with DS is ID, DS is associated with numerous comorbid conditions, such as autism spectrum disorder (DiGuiseppi et al 2010;Warner et al 2014), attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (Ekstein et al 2011) and Alzheimer's disease (Zigman and Lott 2007;Lott and Dierssen 2010;Esbensen et al 2016).…”

Section: Distal Factors: Biomedical Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Correlates of early cognition in infants with Down syndrome

Fidler

Schworer

Will

et al. 2018

J intellect Disabil Res

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Background While delays in cognitive development are detectable during early development in Down syndrome, the neuropsychological and biomedical underpinnings of cognitive skill acquisition in this population remain poorly understood. Method To explore this issue, 38 infants with Down syndrome [mean chronological age = 9.65 months; SD = 3.64] completed the Bayley Scales of Infant Development‐III and a set of laboratory tasks that measured sustained attention (duration of visual attention during a 1‐min object exploration task), attention shifting (mean latency to shift attention on an alternating object presentation task) and visual short‐term memory (dishabituation to a novel object on a change preference task). Results Latency to shift attention was negatively associated with Bayley Cognitive Scale raw scores, even when controlling for the effects of chronological age, r (33) = −.41, P = .02. In addition, prematurity status was associated with latency to shift attention. Conclusions Early attention shifting may be an important factor that facilitates overall cognitive skill acquisition in infants with Down syndrome, and premature birth may be a risk factor for difficulties on this dimension.

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“…Individuals with DS demonstrate pronounced challenges in aspects of EF by the time they reach elementary school (Daunhauer et al . ; Will et al . ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Distal Factors: Biomedical Riskmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Distal Factors: Biomedical Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Correlates of early cognition in infants with Down syndrome

Fidler

Schworer

Will

et al. 2018

J intellect Disabil Res

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show abstract

“…Consistent with this account, previous studies have highlighted atypicalities in Executive Function (EF) as domain-general features at the basis of the domain-specific impairment described in the DS. Specifically, working memory, inhibition and flexibility/set-shifting have consistently shown to be weaker relative to typically developing children matched on mental age or children with other forms of intellectual disability (Lanfranchi et al, 2004(Lanfranchi et al, , 2010Lee et al, 2011;Borella et al, 2013;Carney et al, 2013;Costanzo et al, 2013;Daunhauer et al, 2017). In addition to EF difficulties, other researchers have emphasized differences in visual selective spatial attention (Cornish et al, 2007;Scerif and Steele, 2011;Breckenridge et al, 2013;Carney et al, 2013) and in visual and auditory sustained attention (Brown et al, 2003;Atkinson and Braddick, 2011) as possible early dysfunctional hallmarks constraining the development of domain-specific cognitive skills in DS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Probabilistic Context on Implicit Temporal Expectations in Down Syndrome

et al. 2020

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One of the most important sources of predictability that human beings can exploit to create an internal representation of the external environment is the ability to implicitly build up subjective statistics of events' temporal structure and, consequently, use this knowledge to prepare for future actions. Stimulus expectancy can be subjectively shaped by hierarchically nested sources of prediction, capitalizing on either local or global probabilistic rules. In order to better understand the nature of local-global proactive motor control in Down Syndrome, in the present study a group of participants with Down Syndrome (DS group; n = 28; mean age 29.5 ± 13 years; range 10-54) and a group of typically developing participants matched by either gender or mental age (TD-MA group; n = 28; 5.6 ± 1 years; range 4-8) were administered a novel motor preparation task, defined as the Dynamic Temporal Prediction (DTP) task. In the DTP, the temporal preparation to imperative stimuli is implicitly shaped by the local increase of expectancy. This is manipulated trial-by-trial as a function of the preparatory foreperiod interval (Stimulus-Onset Asynchrony or SOA). In addition, temporal preparation can be also implicitly adjusted as a function of global predictive context, so that a block-wise SOA-distribution bias toward a given preparatory interval might determine a high-order source of expectancy, with functional consequences on proactive motor control adjustment. Results showed that in both groups motor preparation was biased by temporal expectancy when this was locally manipulated within-trials. By contrast, only the TD-MA group was sensitive to global rule changes: only in this cohort was behavioral performance overall impacted by the SOA probabilistic distribution manipulated between-blocks. The evidence of a local-global dissociation in DS suggests that the use of flexible cognitive mechanisms to implicitly extract highorder probabilistic rules in order to build-up an internal model of the temporal properties of events is disrupted in this developmental disorder. Moreover, since the content of the information to be processed in the DTP task was neither verbal nor spatial, we suggest that atypical global processing in Down Syndrome is a domain-general rather than specific aspect characterizing the cognitive profile of this population.

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“…Although self‐reported measures of EF have small‐to‐moderate correlation with laboratory measures of EF performance (Daunhauer et al . ; Rabin et al . ; Toplak et al .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parenting behaviour and executive function in children with Down syndrome

Schworer

Fidler

Lunkenheimer

et al. 2018

J intellect Disabil Res

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Background Parenting behaviours influence many domains of child development, and recent work has demonstrated the specific effects of parenting on the development of executive function (EF) abilities. The relationship between parent-child interaction patterns and EF has been examined in typically developing (TD) children but has not yet been examined in dyads where the child has a diagnosis of Down syndrome (DS). Method The current study examines the differences in patterns of parenting behaviours between DS dyads and dyads with TD children equated on nonverbal mental age. DS dyads (n = 42), child ages 59 to 118 months, and TD dyads (n = 28), child ages 30 to 49 months, participated in a modified version of the Parent-Child Challenge Task. Parent directive and teaching behaviours were coded, along with child compliance and noncompliance. Child participants also completed a laboratory measure of inhibition and working memory, and parents completed the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool.Results There was a greater frequency of parenting directives and child compliance in the DS dyads, and parents of children with DS were more likely to follow child compliance with directives than parents of TD children. In both groups, parenting directive behaviour was a significant predictor of child EF laboratory performance.Conclusions Results characterise the relationship between specific parenting behaviours and child EF in DS and TD dyads. The implications for parent training and intervention are discussed. E. Schworer et al. • Parenting behaviour and ef in children with DS E. Schworer et al. • Parenting behaviour and ef in children with DS

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Performance and Ratings Based Measures of Executive Function in School-Aged Children with Down Syndrome

Abstract: Findings underscore the need to address early and targeted EF intervention in children with DS.

Cited by 43 publications

References 80 publications

Correlates of early cognition in infants with Down syndrome

Correlates of early cognition in infants with Down syndrome

The Effect of Probabilistic Context on Implicit Temporal Expectations in Down Syndrome

Parenting behaviour and executive function in children with Down syndrome

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