Performance and Stability Comparison of Low-Cost Mixed Halide Perovskite Solar Cells: CH3NH3PbI3-${}_x$Cl${}_{}$

Abstract

Perovskite solar cell is categorized as a third-generation solar cell which is used for its high-performance and low-cost production. However, device stability is a major problem in the development of perovskite solar cells. Mixed halide perovskite is one of the subjects that have been proposed to improve perovskite solar cell stability. Research about solar cells using mixed halide perovskite is widely reported. However, complex configurations and fabrication using sophisticated equipment were usually used in those reported studies. In this work, the fabrication of solar cells using mixed halide perovskite CH3NH3PbI3- x Cl x and CH3NH3PbI3- x SCN x was conducted using a simple and low-cost structure. Solution-processed deposition fabrication method using spin coating was used to fabricate the devices. Optimization of the spin coating rate for each layer in the perovskite solar cells was performed to ensure that the devices exhibited decent performance. Stability measurement and analysis of the perovskite solar cells were conducted. Summarily, solar cells with mixed halide perovskite CH3NH3PbI3- x Cl x exhibit the highest performance with an efficiency of 2.92%. On the other hand, solar cell with mixed halide perovskite CH3NH3PbI3- x SCN x has the best stability which only drops its efficiency by 39% from its initial value after 13 days.

Superior Performance and Stability of 2D Dion–Jacobson Halide Perovskite Photodetectors Operated under Harsh Conditions without Encapsulation

“…However, the poor stability of OIHPs under humidity, heating, illumination, electron beam irradiation, and mechanical bending inevitably hinders their practical utilization. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] To tackle the stabilityrelated problems pertaining to humidity stress, bulky organic molecules such as C 6 H 5 (CH 2 ) 2 NH 3 + (phenethylammonium, PEA), CH 3 (CH 2 ) 3 NH 3 + (butylamine, BA), or isobutylamine (iBA) are introduced into MAPbI 3 to replace the relatively hydrophilic constituent of MA + . [18][19][20][21][22] As shown in Figure 1, two bulky organic molecules, which act as spacer cations, are inserted into the metal halide octahedral layers of 3D perovskites.…”

Material Characteristics and Electrical Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells with Different Carbon-Based Electrodes Mixed with CuSCN

“…For the active layer, chlorine-based perovskite material (CH 3 NH 3 PbCl 3 ) from Sigma-Aldrich is used due to its good properties, namely, the high light absorption coefcient, good electron transport characteristics, and good stability [25,27]. Te counter electrode consists of two materials, namely, HTM and carbon.…”

“…Te counter electrode consists of two materials, namely, HTM and carbon. For the HTM, we used CuSCN due to its outstanding characteristics, namely, high hole mobility, good chemical stability, broad band gap (3.8 eV), and high energy level of the conduction band [27,28]. For the carbon, we used activated carbon provided by Megah Abadi Chemical, graphite and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) from Sigma-Aldrich, and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), which was synthesized by using Hummer and chemical reduction methods.…”

“…Te valence and conduction energy levels for TiO 2 are −8.0 eV and −4.3 eV, respectively [25]. Te energy levels of both valence and conduction bands of the perovskite layer are −5.43 eV and −3.75 eV [27]. Te proposed devices have a counter electrode made of CuSCN and carbon, which causes a 0.2 eV energy shift [24].…”

Perovskite Solar Cells: A Review of the Recent Advances

“…The substitution of an inorganic cation such as Cs in place of MA has proved to form stronger bonds as compared to H-bonds. Similarly, mixed halide perovskites have exhibited better stability and efficiency [122]. The partial substitution of X-site I by other halides is another strategy of composition engineering.…”