Performance Assessment in the PILOT Experiment On Board Space Stations Mir and ISS

Johannes, Bernd; Salnitski, V.P.; Dudukin, A; Shevchenko, L.G.; Bronnikov, S.V.

doi:10.3357/amhp.4433.2016

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Based on safety ranges, these parameters are each transformed into a score ranging between zero and one. This performance rating resembles the Russian TORU docking system and is explained in detail by Johannes et al 18 As an overall docking accuracy score we used the lowest parameter score, because the largest deviation from perfect alignment determines docking success, even if all other parameters should be satisfactory. In this study, all analyses are based on this overall docking accuracy score.…”

Section: Subjects Subjects Were Part Of the Artificial Gravity Bed Restmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual Attention Relates to Operator Performance in Spacecraft Docking Training

Piechowski¹,

Johannes²,

Pustowalow³

et al. 2022

aerosp med hum perform

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BACKGROUND: Manually controlled docking of a spacecraft to a space station is an operational task that poses high demands on cognitive and perceptual functioning. Effective processing of visual information is crucial for success. Eye tracking can reveal the operator’s attentional focus unobtrusively and objectively. Therefore, our aim was to test the feasibility of eye tracking during a simulation of manual docking and to identify links between visual information processing and performance.METHODS: We hypothesized that duration and number of gazes to specific regions of interest of the simulation (total dwell time and number of dwells) would be associated with docking accuracy. Eye movements were recorded in 10 subjects (30% women, M = 33.4 yr old) during the 6° head-down tilt bed rest study AGBRESA during 20 training sessions with the 6df learning program for spacecraft docking.RESULTS: Subjects’ gaze was directed most frequently and longest to the vizor (185 dwells and 22,355 ms per task) followed by the two instrument displays (together 75 dwells and 4048 ms per task). We observed a significant positive relationship between number and duration of visual checks of speed and distance to the docking point and the accuracy of the docking maneuver.DISCUSSION: In conclusion, eye tracking provides valuable information related to docking accuracy that might prospectively offer the opportunity to improve docking training effectiveness.Piechowski S, Johannes B, Pustowalow W, Arz M, Mulder E, Jordan J, Wolf OT, Rittweger J. Visual attention relates to operator performance in spacecraft docking training. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2022; 93(6):480–486.

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Section: Subjects Subjects Were Part Of the Artificial Gravity Bed Restmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual Attention Relates to Operator Performance in Spacecraft Docking Training

Piechowski¹,

Johannes²,

Pustowalow³

et al. 2022

aerosp med hum perform

Self Cite

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“…After each Cognition test battery, a Simulated 6 Degrees of Freedom Spacecraft Docking Task (6df) training program was administered to teach participants the use of the hand controllers and to guide them through tasks with ever increasing difficulty. 20,18 The training program is described in detail in Johannes et al 19 and screenshots are provided in supplementary Figure S2. The 6df task simulates the manual control of an object in space with six degrees of freedom.…”

Section: Materials and Equipmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies investigating the relationship between performance on cognitive tests with operational outcomes are scarce, especially for spaceflight. We therefore conducted a study in which subjects repeatedly performed the Cognition test battery as well as a complex 6 degrees-of-freedom spacecraft docking task (6df) that simulates docking operations on the ISS and is used by cosmonauts on the ISS to stay proficient on the task 18 . The main objective of the study was to investigate which subset of Cognition test outcomes best explained performance on the operational task, and how much of the variance in operational performance was accounted for by Cognition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognition Test Battery Performance Is Associated with Simulated 6df Spacecraft Docking Performance

Basner¹,

Moore²,

Hermosillo³

et al. 2020

aerosp med hum perform

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INTRODUCTION: Environmental and operational stressors commonly encountered in spaceflight can affect astronaut cognitive performance. It is currently unclear how performance decrements on test batteries that assess individual cognitive domains translate to complex operational performance.METHODS: N 30 healthy adults (mean SD age 33.5 7.1 yr, range 2548 yr; 16 men) with demographic characteristics similar to astronauts performed all 10 tests of the Cognition test battery as well as a simulated 6 degrees-of-freedom (6df) spacecraft docking task 15 times. Performance on 60 Cognition outcome variables was rank-correlated with 6df docking performance individually as well as in models containing up to 12 predictors after accounting for sex, age, and study design effects.RESULTS: Average response time on the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST)a measure of processing speed requiring complex scanning, visual tracking, and working memorywas the best individual predictor of 6df docking performance (unadjusted r 0.550; semipartial cross-validated R2 0.244). Furthermore, higher levels of spatial orientation efficiency and vigilant attention, lower levels of impulsivity, and faster response speed were associated with higher 6df performance, while sensorimotor speed, memory, and risk decision making were less relevant. After semipartial cross-validation, a model with three Cognition outcomes (DSST average response time, Abstract Matching accuracy, and conservative response bias on the Fractal 2-Back test) explained 30% of the variance in 6df performance.CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates direct links between performance on tests designed to assess specific cognitive domains and complex operational docking performance.Basner M, Moore TM, Hermosillo E, Nasrini J, Dinges DF, Gur RC, Johannes B. Cognition test battery performance is associated with simulated 6df spacecraft docking performance. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(11):861867.

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“…Interestingly, it has been shown that the performance on a visuomotor-tracking task simulating dockings on the ISS, a task very familiar to astronauts 18 is directly associated to the cognitive performance evaluated by a battery of tests 19 . In the present study, we examined five astronauts’ brain function through their electrical EEG brain potential responses related to their decision-making processes during the execution of a docking task in the same virtual scenario on Earth and in Weightlessness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain potential responses involved in decision-making in weightlessness

Cebolla

Petieau

Palmero‐Soler

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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The brain is essential to human adaptation to any environment including space. We examined astronauts’ brain function through their electrical EEG brain potential responses related to their decision of executing a docking task in the same virtual scenario in Weightlessness and on Earth before and after the space stay of 6 months duration. Astronauts exhibited a P300 component in which amplitude decreased during, and recovered after, their microgravity stay. This effect is discussed as a post-value-based decision-making closing mechanism; The P300 amplitude decrease in weightlessness is suggested as an emotional stimuli valence reweighting during which orbitofrontal BA10 would play a major role. Additionally, when differentiating the bad and the good docks on Earth and in Weightlessness and keeping in mind that astronauts were instantaneously informed through a visual cue of their good or bad performance, it was observed that the good dockings resulted in earlier voltage redistribution over the scalp (in the 150–250 ms period after the docking) than the bad dockings (in the 250–400 ms) in Weightlessness. These results suggest that in Weightlessness the knowledge of positive or negative valence events is processed differently than on Earth.

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Performance Assessment in the PILOT Experiment On Board Space Stations Mir and ISS

Abstract: In summary, performance on the ISS was shown to be significantly improved, thus enhancing mission safety. Additional approaches to docking performance assessment and prognosis are presented and discussed.

Cited by 14 publications

References 2 publications

Visual Attention Relates to Operator Performance in Spacecraft Docking Training

Visual Attention Relates to Operator Performance in Spacecraft Docking Training

Cognition Test Battery Performance Is Associated with Simulated 6df Spacecraft Docking Performance

Brain potential responses involved in decision-making in weightlessness

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