Performance Assessment of Balloon-Borne Trace Gas Sounding with the Terahertz Channel of TELIS

Xu, Jian; Schreier, Franz; Wetzel, G.; Lange, A. de; Birk, Manfred; Trautmann, Thomas; Doicu, Adrian; Wagner, Georg

doi:10.3390/rs10020315

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 109 publications

(133 reference statements)

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“…The "Generic Atmospheric Radiation Line-By-line (lbl) Infrared Code" or Software: GARLIC (Schreier et al 2014) finds its applications in several fields such as exoplanet studies (Rauer et al 2011;Hedelt et al 2013;Vasquez et al 2013a,b) and for Venus type atmospheres (Hedelt et al 2011;Vasquez et al 2013c). GARLIC has been recently used to study Earth's atmosphere (Hochstaffl et al 2018;Xu et al 2018) for retrieval purposes in the field of remote sensing. Moreover GARLIC has been validated using the transmission spectroscopic studies involving ACE-FTS infrared observations of the Earth (Schreier et al 2018a).…”

Section: Garlicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution and Spectral Response of a Steam Atmosphere for Early Earth with a Coupled Climate–Interior Model

Katyal

Nikolaou

Godolt

et al. 2019

ApJ

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The evolution of Earth's early atmosphere and the emergence of habitable conditions on our planet are intricately coupled with the development and duration of the magma ocean phase during the early Hadean period (4 to 4.5 Ga). In this paper, we deal with the evolution of the steam atmosphere during the magma ocean period. We obtain the outgoing longwave radiation using a line-by-line radiative transfer code GARLIC. Our study suggests that an atmosphere consisting of pure H 2 O, built as a result of outgassing extends the magma ocean lifetime to several million years. The thermal emission as a function of solidification timescale of magma ocean is shown. We study the effect of thermal dissociation of H 2 O at higher temperatures by applying atmospheric chemical equilibrium which results in the formation of H 2 and O 2 during the early phase of the magma ocean. A 1-6% reduction in the OLR is seen. We also obtain the effective height of the atmosphere by calculating the transmission spectra for the whole duration of the magma ocean. An atmosphere of depth 100 km is seen for pure water atmospheres. The effect of thermal dissociation on the effective height of the atmosphere is also shown. Due to the difference in the absorption behavior at different altitudes, the spectral features of H 2 and O 2 are seen at different altitudes of the atmosphere. Therefore, these species along with H 2 O have a significant contribution to the transmission spectra and could be useful for placing observational constraints upon magma ocean exoplanets.

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Section: Garlicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution and Spectral Response of a Steam Atmosphere for Early Earth with a Coupled Climate–Interior Model

Katyal

Nikolaou

Godolt

et al. 2019

ApJ

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“…Both SMILES and TELIS profiles agree well in general, but the TELIS profiles are larger than the SMILES profiles above 32 km (8 hPa). The H 37 Cl line is still rather strong at higher altitudes, and the dominant error source of the TELIS data stems from the non-linearity in the calibration process, which shows that even a small uncertainty may result in significant errors in the retrieval (Xu et al, 2018). Table 4 summarizes the results of the comparison with other observations.…”

Section: Comparison With Balloon-borne Instrument Telismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, we compared two H 37 Cl profiles obtained by TELIS (observation number 20044 and 21537) with the SMILES profiles (band B and identifiers 761 and 762) in terms of geolocation over Kiruna (67.8 • N, 20.4 • E) and time on 24 January 2010. The total error of the H 37 Cl profile derived from the TELIS measurement was estimated to be 0.25-0.5 ppbv, with a vertical resolution of 3 km (Xu et al, 2018). Figure 10 shows a comparison of the HCl vertical profiles of SMILES and TELIS.…”

Section: Comparison With Balloon-borne Instrument Telismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Validation of SMILES HCl profiles over a wide range from the stratosphere to the lower thermosphere

et al. 2020

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Abstract. Hydrogen chloride (HCl) is the most abundant (more than 95 %) among inorganic chlorine compounds Cly in the upper stratosphere. The HCl molecule is observed to obtain long-term quantitative estimations of the total budget of the stratospheric chlorine compounds. In this study, we provided HCl vertical profiles at altitudes of 16–100 km using the Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder (SMILES) from space. The HCl vertical profile from the upper troposphere to the lower thermosphere is reported for the first time from SMILES observations; the data quality is quantified by comparison with other measurements and via theoretical error analysis. We used the SMILES level-2 research product version 3.0.0. The period of the SMILES HCl observation was from 12 October 2009 to 21 April 2010, and the latitude coverage was 40∘ S–65∘ N. The average HCl vertical profile showed an increase with altitude up to the stratopause (∼ 45 km), approximately constant values between the stratopause and the upper mesosphere (∼ 80 km), and a decrease from the mesopause to the lower thermosphere (∼ 100 km). This behavior was observed in all latitude regions and reproduced by the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model in the specified dynamics configuration (SD-WACCM). We compared the SMILES HCl vertical profiles in the stratosphere and lower mesosphere with HCl profiles from Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) on the Aura satellite, as well as from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) on SCISAT and the TErahertz and submillimeter LImb Sounder (TELIS) (balloon borne). The TELIS observations were performed using the superconductive limb emission technique, as used by SMILES. The globally averaged vertical HCl profiles of SMILES agreed well with those of MLS and ACE-FTS within 0.25 and 0.2 ppbv between 20 and 40 km (within 10 % between 30 and 40 km; there is a larger discrepancy below 30 km), respectively. The SMILES HCl concentration was smaller than those of MLS and ACE-FTS as the altitude increased from 40 km, and the difference was approximately 0.4–0.5 ppbv (12 %–15 %) at 50–60 km. The difference between SMILES and TELIS HCl observations was about 0.3 ppbv in the polar winter region between 20 and 34 km, except near 26 km. SMILES HCl error sources that may cause discrepancies with the other observations are investigated by a theoretical error analysis. We calculated errors caused by the uncertainties of spectroscopic parameters, instrument functions, and atmospheric temperature profiles. The Jacobian for the temperature explains the negative bias of the SMILES HCl concentrations at 50–60 km.

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“…GARLIC [20,39] has been developed for high resolution infrared-microwave atmospheric radiative transfer modeling with a modular approach appropriate for simulation and retrieval in Earth [40,41] and planetary science [42]. Unlike ARTS, GARLIC is not open source, however, Py4CAtS -Python for Computational Atmospheric Spectroscopy [43] a lightweight implementation of GAR-LIC, is publically available at https://atmos.eoc.dlr.…”

Section: Garlic -Generic Atmospheric Radiation Line-byline Infrared Codementioning

confidence: 99%

Intercomparison of three microwave/infrared high resolution line-by-line radiative transfer codes

Schreier

García

Milz

et al. 2018

Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer

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An intercomparison of three line-by-line (lbl) codes developed independently for atmospheric radiative transfer and remote sensing -ARTS, GARLIC, and KOPRA -has been performed for a thermal infrared nadir sounding application assuming a HIRS-like (High resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder) setup. Radiances for the 19 HIRS infrared channels and a set of 42 atmospheric profiles from the "Garand dataset" have been computed.The mutual differences of the equivalent brightness temperatures are presented and possible causes of disagreement are discussed. In particular, the impact of path integration schemes and atmospheric layer discretization is assessed. When the continuum absorption contribution is ignored because of the different implementations, residuals are generally in the sub-Kelvin range and smaller than 0.1 K for some window channels (and all atmospheric models and lbl codes). None of the three codes turned out to be perfect for all channels and atmospheres. Remaining discrepancies are attributed to different lbl optimization techniques. Lbl codes seem to have reached a maturity in the implementation of radiative transfer that the choice of the underlying physical models (line shape models, continua etc) becomes increasingly relevant.

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Performance Assessment of Balloon-Borne Trace Gas Sounding with the Terahertz Channel of TELIS

Cited by 5 publications

References 109 publications

Evolution and Spectral Response of a Steam Atmosphere for Early Earth with a Coupled Climate–Interior Model

Evolution and Spectral Response of a Steam Atmosphere for Early Earth with a Coupled Climate–Interior Model

Validation of SMILES HCl profiles over a wide range from the stratosphere to the lower thermosphere

Intercomparison of three microwave/infrared high resolution line-by-line radiative transfer codes

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