Performance based CID imaging: past, present, and future

Bhaskaran, Suraj; Chapman, T.; Pilon, Michael J.; VanGorden, S.

doi:10.1117/12.795235

Cited by 7 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Due to the field oxide, the readout architecture, and the nature of the underlying charge collection architecture, CIDs are inherently anti-blooming. CIDs are also well suited to space; they are remarkably resistant to gamma-rays and neutrons (e.g., Marshall et al 2001) and have radiation tolerance past 5 Mrad (Bhaskaran et al 2008). In addition, CIDs use NDROs that minimize the effects of cosmic rays because count rates are monitored and radiation events are removed from the final photon flux.…”

Section: Charge Injection Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme Contrast Ratio Imaging of Sirius with a Charge Injection Device

Batcheldor

Foadi

Bahr

et al. 2016

PASP

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The next fundamental steps forward in understanding our place in the universe could be a result of advances in extreme contrast ratio (ECR) imaging and point spread function (PSF) suppression. For example, blinded by quasar light we have yet to fully understand the processes of galaxy and star formation and evolution, and there is an ongoing race to obtain a direct image of an exoearth lost in the glare of its host star. To fully explore the features of these systems we must perform observations in which contrast ratios of at least one billion can be regularly achieved with sub 0.′′ 1 inner working angles. Here we present the details of a latest generation 32-bit charge injection device (CID) that could conceivably achieve contrast ratios on the order of one billion. We also demonstrate some of its ECR imaging abilities for astronomical imaging. At a separation of two arc minutes, we report a direct contrast ratio of ∆m v = 18.3, log (CR) = 7.3, or 1 part in 20 million, from observations of the Sirius field. The atmospheric conditions present during the collection of this data prevented less modest results, and we expect to be able to achieve higher contrast ratios, with improved inner working angles, simply by operating a CID at a world-class observing site. However, CIDs do not directly provide any PSF suppression. Therefore, combining CID imaging with a simple PSF suppression technique like angular differential imaging, could provide a cheap and easy alternative to the complex ECR techniques currently being employed.

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Section: Charge Injection Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme Contrast Ratio Imaging of Sirius with a Charge Injection Device

Batcheldor

Foadi

Bahr

et al. 2016

PASP

Self Cite

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“…Post-injection the pixel restarts accumulating charge holes under the storage node without affecting the state of other pixels. CIDs are intrinsically anti-blooming, tolerant to changes in charge transfer efficiency, reject cosmic-rays through the NDRO process, and are radiation hard (Bhaskaran et al 2008); they are appropriate candidates for space-based detectors. Ninkov et al (1994) initially demonstrated the viability of CIDs for astronomical imaging.…”

Section: Charge Injection Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Charge Injection Device Performance in Low-Earth Orbit

Batcheldor

Sawant

Jenne³

et al. 2020

PASP

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Charge Injection Devices (CIDs) have demonstrated direct contrast ratios in excess of 1:20 million from suboptimal ground-based astronomical observations. CIDs are therefore interesting prospects for obtaining direct images from a host of high contrast ratio celestial scenes. However, while CIDs are capable of much deeper contrast ratios, potentially exceeding 1:1 billion, they do not address the Inner Working Angle (IWA) problem. If the Point-Spread Function (PSF) of a bright target is not well understood and accounted for, then the IWA will be large and nearby faint objects, like exoplanets, will be challenging to observe regardless of the detector used. As Earth's atmosphere is a major contributor to the variability of a PSF, high contrast ratio imaging with small IWAs will be best achieved in space. Therefore, if CIDs are to be used on future space-telescopes, they must be flight qualified in the space environment and shown to be at the appropriate Technology Readiness Level (TRL). Here we report the results of an 8 months CID technology demonstration mission that used the Nano-Racks External Platform mounted to the Kibo Exposed Facility on-board the International Space Station. Over the course of the 236 days mission we find no significant on-orbit changes of CID performance in terms of dark current, linearity, read noise, and photon transfer efficiency. As a result, CIDs are now space-qualified to TRL-8 and can be considered for future space telescopes.

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“…The charge is measured by the voltage change induced by transferring the charge between the two gates. Figure 13 shows the various phases of an active pixel operation and a detailed description can be found in [23]. After the integration/exposure stage, the charge is transferred to the sense gate.…”

Section: Image Sensor: Cidmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The difference between these measurements is proportional to the amount of photon-generated charge within the pixel site. The photon generated charge may be cleared by collapsing the potential wells under both the "storage" and "sense" gates by "injecting" the charge into the underlying substrate to clear the array for new frame integration [23].…”

Section: Image Sensor: Cidmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Video Cameras used in Beam Instrumentation -- an Overview

Walasek-Hoehne,

Hoehne,

Singh

2020

Preprint

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Performance based CID imaging: past, present, and future

Cited by 7 publications

References 3 publications

Extreme Contrast Ratio Imaging of Sirius with a Charge Injection Device

Extreme Contrast Ratio Imaging of Sirius with a Charge Injection Device

Charge Injection Device Performance in Low-Earth Orbit

Video Cameras used in Beam Instrumentation -- an Overview

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