Performance-Based Designing of Wax Crystal Growth Inhibitors

Soni, Hemant; Kiranbala,; Bharambe, D.P.

doi:10.1021/ef8002763

Cited by 107 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…A group of maleic anhydride-based copolymers was developed by Soni et al (2005Soni et al ( , 2008Soni et al ( , 2010. Some of examples are given in Fig.…”

Section: Newly Developed Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances on mitigating wax problem using polymeric wax crystal modifier

Wei

2014

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

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The petroleum industry has addressed wax problems since its inception. Every year, considerable resources are expended on wax removal, which accordingly cause significant economic loss. As one of the materials in chemical treatments, polymeric compounds referred to as ''wax-crystal modifier'', is being widely used to improve flow properties and/or combat wax deposition for waxy crude oils. This article reviews the recent achievements with regard to the flow improvement and wax inhibition of waxy oils using traditional polymeric wax crystal modifiers, such as ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), poly(ethylene-butene) (PEB), and polyethylenepoly(ethylene-propylene) (PE-PEP), as well as the development of novel polymers for potential use in the near future. The goal of this review is to assist people understand the advances in this topic.

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“…A group of maleic anhydride-based copolymers was developed by Soni et al (2005Soni et al ( , 2008Soni et al ( , 2010. Some of examples are given in Fig.…”

Section: Newly Developed Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances on mitigating wax problem using polymeric wax crystal modifier

Wei

2014

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

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“…9,[19][20][21][22] This prevented the crystals from forming a network and a gel-like structure. Therefore, the pour point of the base oil decreased when the polymethacrylate polymers were added as PPDs.…”

Section: Copolymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The oil remaining around this network gets trapped in it, and the gellike structure is made. [8][9][10][11] This gel becomes sufficiently dense with further cooling, which causes the oil to solidify apparently. Upon further decreases in temperature, the complexity of the structure increases, and finally, the movement of the oil ceases at the pour point.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of methacrylate copolymers and their effects as pour point depressants for lubricant oil

Jung

Chun

Lee

et al. 2010

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this study, polymethacrylate polymers were synthesized by free-radical polymerization for use as pour point depressants in lubricant oil, and their low-temperature properties were investigated. Four methacrylate monomers were synthesized by the esterification of methyl methacrylate (MMA) with four kinds of fatty alcohols. The purification step was performed to prepare the pure monomers. Two polymerization experiments were carried out with four kinds of methacrylate monomers obtained previously and MMA. Copolymers, which were made from one kind of monomer and MMA, and terpolymers, which were made from two kinds of monomers and MMA, were prepared. The molecular structures of the synthesized methacrylate monomers and polymethacrylate polymers were verified by 1 H-NMR, and the molecular weight data were obtained by gel permeation chromatography. The pour points of the base oils containing 0.1 wt % polymethacrylate polymers were measured according to ASTM D 97-93. The pour points of most base oils containing each polymer decreased compared to that of the pure base oil. Particularly, poly(dodecyl methacrylate-co-hexadecyl methacrylate-co-methyl methacrylate), made of dodecyl methacrylate, hexadecyl methacrylate, and MMA at a molar ratio of 3.5 : 3.5 : 3, showed the best low-temperature properties. This terpolymer dropped the pour point of the base oil by as much as 23 C, and its yield was 93.5%.

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“…In general, these additives have a wax-like paraffin part which provides the interaction between the additive and paraffin and a polar segment that is responsible for modifying the morphology of wax crystals [8][9][10][11]. Some characteristics of the additives should be considered: there should be a sufficient number of pendant alkyl groups with sufficiently long hydrocarbon chains, there should be an appropriate distance between the hydrocarbon pendant chains and there should be a suitable ratio of monomers for copolymer additives [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%