Performance Based Evaluation of Carbonation Resistance of Concrete According to Various Curing Conditions from Climate Change Effect

Abstract

Recently, extreme climate change has been occurring globally not only in the simple form of temperature increases but also in a wide range of extreme climatic events, such as abnormal drought conditions and frequent typhoons. Among these various events, the greatest problem is found in global warming. The earth's temperature has risen since the period of rapid industrial growth in the 1970s, and global warming occurs at the local level of regions and cities as well as the national level. The greenhouse gases that influence global warming include various types of chemical components, such as carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), nitrous oxide (N 2 O), and methane (CH 4 ). In addition, climate change is extending the construction period of concrete structures. Whereby increasing related economic losses. Pushing through construction projects without considering climate change is leading to concrete quality deterioration, causing poor constructions and consequently resulting in humans casualties and property damage. In particular, atmospheric CO 2 generates calcium carbonate by reacting with concrete hydration products. This result is reinforcing bar corrosion and concrete durability reduction due to lowered alkalinity. Therefore, in this study, concrete durability performance with respect to carbonation resistance from curing conditions change due to wind speed and sunlight exposure time is evaluated. Based on concrete carbonation resistance data obtained using curing conditions of various wind speed and sunlight exposure time, performance based evaluation (PBE) is performed using the satisfaction curve (SC) developed from the carbonation resistance test results. Using the developed PBE of concrete performance, future concrete performance is predicted based on future climate scenario. Also, the concrete mix design solutions to the concrete performance degradation due to climate change effect is proposed.

Structural Behavior Evaluation of Reinforced Concrete Using the Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Strengthening Method

“…Once RC structures show a rapid performance degradation, such as cracks, concrete strength reduction, and steel bar corrosion due to the deterioration and aging of the material, it is difficult for them to be recovered by themselves [ 3 , 4 ]. The performance degradation can also cause economic and human damage directly and indirectly [ 5 ]. To solve these problems and improve the reduced performance of the concrete structures, accurate reinforcement and precise design methods are required.…”

Performance Evaluation of Concrete Structures Using Crack Repair Methods

“…Durability degradation occurs in concrete infrastructure, including bridges, roads, tunnels, ports, and nuclear power plants, due to various deterioration phenomena [15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. To counter the effects of aging, the service life of such infrastructure must be extended via repairs and reinforcements [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. Accordingly, the accuracy and effectiveness of repair and reinforcement technologies must be verified, and the construction of various experimental databases is first required to suggest improvement measures in terms of policies, systems, and economy in conjunction with technical factors.…”

Probability-Based Concrete Carbonation Prediction Using On-Site Data

“…Thus, many researchers have conducted a considerable amount of studies to predict the carbonation of concrete structures. However, it is still challenging to predict carbonation in concrete structures because the carbonation progress can be affected by various conditions such as curing time and quality, sheltering, CO 2 concentration in the atmosphere, air voids included in the concrete, the concrete mix, binder and aggregate type, existence of cracks, and concrete finishing materials [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9].…”

“…To better consider various environmental conditions in the field, many researchers have introduced a probability-based approach for durability analysis [1][2][3][4][5]16]. Recently, several researchers have utilized Bayes' theorem in their analysis to reflect field conditions and to estimate future environmental conditions [2,5,16]. Jung et al estimated the corrosion resistivity of reinforced concrete structures exposed to chloride attacks, and their remaining service life, using Bayes' theorem [16].…”

“…They estimated the remaining service life of seashore RC structures, which are mainly deteriorated by chloride attack, without considering carbonation effects in their durability analysis. Kim et al estimated the carbonation progress of concrete structures and also employed a Bayesian approach to better consider the effect of changing environmental conditions, such as sunlight and wind speed, in the analysis [5]. However, their estimation approach only considered experimental data for carbonation and employed climate data in their Bayesian approach.…”