“…Among secondary batteries, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are a class of energy storage devices with significant advantages such as light weight, small size, portability, high energy density, low self-discharge, and long cycle life. − Since the first commercialization of LIBs by Sony in 1991, lithium-ion batteries have been widely used in various fields such as wearable electronics, − mobile devices, especially mobile phones and laptop, electric vehicles, − aerospace industry. − …”