Performance comparison of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and FerriMagnetic Resonance field markers for the control of low-energy Synchrotrons

Grech, Christian; Beaumont, Anthony; Buzio, Marco; Sammut, Nicholas

doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1065/5/052022

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The coils are screwed on to a fiberglass support, which is rigidly connected to the magnet's iron yoke [23]. Given the nominal peak field Each chain also includes two Metrolab nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) probes [24], fixed on the fiberglass support close to the magnet's center and set, respectively, at low (45 mT) and high (340 mT) field, as needed for acceleration of H − ions during machine commissioning and antiproton deceleration during normal operation, respectively, [25]. NMR probes are a well-known metrological standard and have been chosen on the basis of our long experience with similar applications.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Magnetic Measurement Model for Real-Time Control of Synchrotrons

Grech

Buzio

Sammut

2020

IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.

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In this paper, we present a measurement model for estimating the magnetic field of a synchrotron-type particle accelerator, based on sensors installed in a reference magnet. The model combines the calibration of the individual sensors with the experimental characterization of the magnets to infer, in absolute terms, the value of the average field in the ring, as needed for the real-time feedback control of the accelerator. Implementation of this model at the extra low energy antiproton (ELENA) ring at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) is used as a case study. We describe first the measurement setup and method, followed by the detailed definition of the model, along with its parameters and an evaluation of their value and uncertainty. Next, we assess the combined uncertainty of the whole measurement chain. Finally, we discuss the results obtained so far during the machine commissioning phase and outline our plans for future improvement.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Magnetic Measurement Model for Real-Time Control of Synchrotrons

Grech

Buzio

Sammut

2020

IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.

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“…The earliest solution is based on a commercially available instrument: the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) teslameter Metrolab PT2025 [17,21,22]. The probe contains a cylindrical sample with a volume of 226 mm 3 made of a hydrogen-rich substance, water or rubber, where resonance is induced in the hydrogen nuclei based on the gyromagnetic ratio of the proton, γ p = 42.57747892(29) MHz/T.…”

Section: Field Markermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In FIRESTORM, a stable excitation frequency is provided by an Aim-TTi Function/Pulse Generator [23], while the teslameter unit demodulates the probe's RF output to obtain its amplitude envelope. Figure 4 depicts the output waveform from the teslameter, with the resonance point defined as the first negative peak [22]. Typically, the peak-to-peak amplitude of the signal ranges from 50 mV up to 1 V, depending on probe type, field uniformity and field ramp rate.…”

Section: Field Markermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The analogue input stage includes a low-pass filter that is essential for removing the noise generated by the sensor or picked up along the way, thus avoiding spurious triggers. The cut-off frequency is usually set around 2 kHz, which corresponds to a detection delay of the order of 100 µs; being systematic, this has negligible impact on the calibration of B m , at least as long as the field ramp rate at the time of triggering is constant [22]. No additional anti-aliasing filter is necessary.…”

Section: Field Marker Fmcmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a Real-Time Magnetic Field Measurement System for Synchrotron Control

et al. 2021

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The precise knowledge of the magnetic field produced by dipole magnets is critical to the operation of a synchrotron. Real-time measurement systems may be required, especially in the case of iron-dominated electromagnets with strong non-linear effects, to acquire the magnetic field and feed it back to various users. This work concerns the design and implementation of a new measurement system of this kind currently being deployed throughout the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) accelerator complex. We first discuss the measurement principle, the general system architecture and the technology employed, focusing in particular on the most critical and specialized components developed, that is, the field marker trigger generator and the magnetic flux integrator. We then present the results of a detailed metrological characterization of the integrator, including the aspects of drift estimation and correction, as well as the absolute gain calibration and frequency response. We finally discuss the latency of the whole acquisition chain and present an outline of future work to improve the capabilities of the system.

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Ferrimagnetic resonance field sensors for particle accelerators

Beaumont

Buzio

Boero

2019

Review of Scientific Instruments

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We report on two ferrimagnetic resonance (FMR) sensors for absolute dynamic magnetic field measurements at 36 and 100 mT. The sensors are designed to mark precisely and reproducibly the moment when a time-transient magnetic field attains a specific value. The trigger from the sensor can then be used for real-time magnetic field measurement systems, called “B-trains,” which are in operation at several large synchrotron installations including five of CERN’s particle accelerators. We discuss in detail the design, the operation, and the performance of the FMR sensors based on two different types of printed circuit board (PCB) resonator structures.

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Performance comparison of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and FerriMagnetic Resonance field markers for the control of low-energy Synchrotrons

Cited by 4 publications

References 2 publications

A Magnetic Measurement Model for Real-Time Control of Synchrotrons

A Magnetic Measurement Model for Real-Time Control of Synchrotrons

Development of a Real-Time Magnetic Field Measurement System for Synchrotron Control

Ferrimagnetic resonance field sensors for particle accelerators

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