Performance‐determining factors in biathlon prone shooting without physical stress

Köykkä, Miika; Laaksonen, Marko S.; Ihalainen, Simo; Ruotsalainen, Keijo; Linnamo, Vesa

doi:10.1111/sms.14087

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Precision shooting is often the back-bone of all shooting training with the goal to improve technical factors for accuracy and speed of preparation [ 6 ]. Technical factors such as stability of hold, shooting accuracy, triggering [ 39 ], minimal body sway and rifle movement [ 40 , 41 ] are all associated with better shooting performance. However, shooting performance has been shown to decrease with elevated physical intensity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

School’s out for summer–Differences in training characteristics between adolescent biathletes of different performance levels

Kårström,

Laaksonen,

Björklund

2023

PLoS ONE

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The purpose of this study was to retrospectively describe the longitudinal changes of training variables in adolescent biathletes based on performance level. Thirty biathletes (15 men and 15 women) were included in the study and categorized as either national level biathletes (NLB, n = 21) or national team biathletes (NTB, n = 9). Retrospective training data was collected from training diary covering the biathletes’ four years (Y1-Y4) as student-athletes at upper secondary school. Training data was divided into physical and shooting training variables. A linear mixed-effect model was used for comparing the difference of the performance group and year of upper secondary school on training characteristics. The NTB group achieved a greater annual training volume than the NLB group, especially during Y4 (594±71 h·y-1 vs 461±127 h·y-1, p < 0.001), through an increase in duration of each session and by completing more weekly training volume during the general phase (13.7±4.6 vs 10.0±4.9 h·w-1, p = 0.004). No difference was observed in relative training intensity distribution between the groups. The total number of shots fired was also greater for the NTB (9971±4716 vs 7355±2812 shots·y-1, p = 0.003). There was an equal frequency in illness and injury for both the NLB and NTB. Accordingly, the results of the present study describe longitudinal changes of biathlon training in adolescent biathletes that also may affect performance development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

School’s out for summer–Differences in training characteristics between adolescent biathletes of different performance levels

Kårström,

Laaksonen,

Björklund

2023

PLoS ONE

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“…Reinkemeier et al (25) suggested that since the time to fire an air rifle and the time to perform a soft trigger pull in pistol shots is about 3 seconds, the evaluation period should be between 2 and 4 seconds. Köykkä et al (26) explained thatwithout taking the physical stress into account, biathlon prone shooting performance, stability of hold, aiming accuracy, trigger cleaning and trigger timing are the most important factors. In addition, it was stated that the variables defining trigger cleaning, aiming accuracy and trigger timing affect 80% of the mean firing performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Investigation of the Effects of Some Parameters on the Shooting Performance of Air Rifle Shooters in Terms of Gender and Level of Competition

ERTÜRK,

CAN,

BAYRAKDAROĞLU

2023

Turk J Sport Exe

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The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of some parameters on the shooting performance of air rifle shootersin terms of gender and level of competition. To achieve this, 20 air rifle shooters who ranked in the Air Guns Turkey Cup and Air Guns Turkey Championships volunteered for the study. In this study, the height and body composition of the participants were measured, and then grip strength, back and leg strength, heart rate, flexibility, vital capacity, static balance, dynamic balance, and reaction time tests were performed. One (1) series, which included ten (10) shots was fired to determine the shooting success of the participants. There found a positive and high statistical significance between the scoresof the elite shooters in a series of shots and their expected vital capacity measurements (r=.656; p<0.05), between the scores of the junior shooters in a series of shots, their measured vital capacity (r=.820; p<0.01), their vital capacity percentage (r=.686; p<0.05), and their right-hand grip strength (r=.703; p<0.05). Furthermore, while a negative and high significance was acquired between the male participants’ scores in a series of shotsand the right foot dynamic balance (r= -790; p<0.05), there was a positive and high correlation between the scores of female participants in a series of shots and their expected vital capacity (r=.704; p<0.05). As a result, it was concluded that some performance parameters in terms of gender and level of competition affected the shooting performance of the participants.

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“…This article uses an 8-week functional fitness training interventional trial. 4 Experiments were conducted from March to April 2020. This paper used the RPE subjective sensory scale and the Meto-exercise strength comparison table to monitor the training effect.…”

Section: Investigation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reflections of Functional Training on Shooters' Grip Stability

Chen

Yue

2023

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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Introduction: Shooting is a technical sport demanding much control and accuracy from the athletes. Physical fitness is a critical factor for the sport's skill level, and it is believed that functional training can effectively improve the shooter's technical level, ensuring greater athlete stability. Objective: Analyze the results of functional abdominal core physical training on the grip stability of sport shooters. Methods: Random sampling was used to select 26 volunteer shooters as research pairs. An intervention trial was conducted for eight weeks of functional physical training with these athletes. The subjective perception scale of RPE and the exercise intensity comparison table were used for analysis. Muscle contraction data were measured at 3 s before target shooting. SPSS 19.0 software was used to statistically conduct a t-test on the data collected before and after the experiment. Results: There were significant differences in muscle stability and tolerance before and after physical training (P<0.01). The shooter's flexion stability before the test was not as good as during relaxation. The reduced sustained distance before and after physical training significantly improved the tolerance and stability of the abdominal core muscles. The average amplitude of the biceps electromyography was statistically significant compared to before the test (P<0.05). Conclusion: After eight weeks of functional physical training, the shooting stability of pistol shooters was significantly improved. The lack of physical training, especially in the core abdominal muscles, negatively affects the shooters' stability, limiting the quality of the sport. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

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Performance‐determining factors in biathlon prone shooting without physical stress

Cited by 6 publications

References 17 publications

School’s out for summer–Differences in training characteristics between adolescent biathletes of different performance levels

School’s out for summer–Differences in training characteristics between adolescent biathletes of different performance levels

An Investigation of the Effects of Some Parameters on the Shooting Performance of Air Rifle Shooters in Terms of Gender and Level of Competition

Reflections of Functional Training on Shooters' Grip Stability

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