The unique structure
and physical properties of graphene and anatase
TiO2 make them suitable for use as additives for engine
lubricants. This study describes the use of dielectric barrier discharge
plasma-assisted ball milling to synthesize a multilayer graphene-reinforced
TiO2 composite nanolubricant additive (MGTC). A variety
of physical and chemical tests were performed to characterize the
resulting experimental materials, including X-ray diffraction (XRD),
Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), Raman, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
(XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Four-ball friction
and wear testing machines were used to study the tribological properties
and extreme pressure anti-wear properties of a base oil containing
0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 wt % of the modified TiO2. Raman
spectroscopy, XPS, SEM, and energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS) analyses
were used to examine and analyze the microstructure of the friction
pairs. As a result of the plasma-assisted ball milling process, expanded
graphite was successfully separated into multilayer graphene nanosheets,
and spherical TiO2 was successfully bonded to the nanosheets
of the multilayer graphene. The 1.0 wt % composite oil was found to
provide good friction reduction and wear resistance. It had a film
thickness of 27.5 nm, which was 167% thicker than base oil. Due to
its excellent dispersion stability, the MGTC nanocomposite exhibited
excellent lubrication performance, which was attributed to the formation
of carbon protective films, titanium dioxide deposition films, transfer
films, and the occurrence of nano ball effects on the surface of friction
pairs.