Performance enhancement of CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cells via stoichiometric control and interface engineering

Device Optimization of PIN Structured Perovskite Solar Cells: Impact of Design Variants

“…The research community has taked a keen and escalating interest in perovskite solar cells (PVSC) among the other technologies. − In the current scenario, the environmentally friendly and low-cost fabrication properties are the main reasons to step up PVSC thin film technology as an emerging study area among the traditional devices due to the unprecedented improvement in the PCE from 3.8% in 2009 to more than 25.5% (fabricated by UNIST) in 2020. − Previously KRICT reported that the PVSC has a PCE of around 24.2% . The fabricated UNIST device is in close proximity to the crystalline silicon solar cells conversion efficiency of 26.7% which is the main reason to investigate PVSC for commercialization in the future. , Moreover, the tunable electro-optical exceptional properties and performance of organic–inorganic halide perovskites-based devices made them fascinating active materials for PVSC. , The reason behind the use of perovskite materials as active layers of PVSC are a high absorption coefficient (>10 –4 cm 1 ), a strong excitonic binding energy (<100 meV), a high carrier mobility (10 2 –10 3 cm 2 V –1 s –1 ), a long diffusion length, and electron/holes with small effective masses. − Generally, PVSC utilizes lead or tin-based organic–inorganic halides active layers. The perovskite crystal structure general formula is ABX 3 , where A is CH 3 NH 3 + (methylammonium) organic cation, B can be Sn 2 + (tin­(II)) or Pb 2 + (lead­(II)) inorganic cations, and X can be Cl – (chloride), Br – (bromide), or I – (iodide) halogen anions.…”

“…Researchers are using different numerical analysis tools for the modeling of energy efficient and low-cost PVSC. These tools or software are helpful in the modeling of the best device structure with the help of HTL and ETL materials. , To identify the system or device working parameters, these modeling tools are essential and also strive to have significant responsibility for efficient device fabrication and manufacturing . The significance of this work increases by proposing and modeling the frequent possible pin structures for lead-iodide based PVSC.…”

All‐Inorganic CsPbI2Br Perovskite Solar Cells: Recent Developments and Challenges

“…Recently, an interesting comparison of the stability between the stoichiometrically balanced and nonstoichiometric CsPbI 2 Br film revealed that a nonstoichiometric CsPbI 2 Br film exhibits considerably higher stability, lower nonradiative recombination, and more favorable energetics for charge extraction than its stoichiometric counterpart. [ 75 ] This was further verified from the energy band diagram of CsPbI 2 Br, which indicated that the VBM of the nonstoichiometric CsPbI 2 Br is slightly higher and nearer to the VB of HTL than that of its stoichiometric counterpart, which can enable more effective hole extraction.…”

Experimental evidence of ion migration in aged inorganic perovskite solar cells using non-destructive RBS depth profiling

“…The device preparation was performed in an inert atmosphere using a glove box with a deposition system as described in detail in our earlier publication. 71 Rutherford backscattering (RBS) was used in which high-energy ions (MeV), i.e., He ++ with energies ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 MeV, are guided onto the sample, which are elastically backscattered due to the Coulomb repulsion force between the target and the incoming ion. Further details of the RBS technique are provided in the ESI.…”

“…Glass/ITO/NiO x was analyzed (as shown in Supplementary Figure S1) after 3-months and after 1-year (aged samples). The sharp peaks are observed (shown in Supplementary Figure S1a The device preparation was performed in inert atmosphere using glove box with deposition system as described in detail in our earlier publication 71 . Rutherford Back Scattering (RBS) was used in which high energy (MeV) ions i.e.…”