Performance Enhancement of Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite Actuators with Polyethylene Oxide

Zhao, Dongxu; Ru, Jie; Wang, Tong; Wang, Yanjie; Chang, Longfei

doi:10.3390/polym14010080

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Such a possibility is of great interest from a fundamental point of view, and also opens up a number of interesting applications in various industrial fields. This is why the number of publications devoted to the study of Nafion is constantly growing (see, e.g., [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9], related to the articles dedicated to the study of various properties of Nafion and issued in 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possibility to Alter Dynamics of Luminescence from Surface of Polymer Membrane with Ultrasonic Waves

et al. 2022

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The temporal dynamics of luminescence from the surface of Nafion polymer membranes have been studied. In fact, the polymer membrane was soaked in liquids with different contents of deuterium. The test liquids were ordinary (natural) water (deuterium content equal to 157 ppm) and deuterium-depleted water (deuterium content is equal to 3 ppm). Simultaneously with the excitation of luminescence, the Nafion plate was irradiated with ultrasonic pulses, having a duration of 1 μs. The ultrasonic waves were generated with different repetition rates and amplitudes, and irradiated the surface of Nafion in the geometry of grazing or normal incidence. Luminescence regimes were studied when the membrane was irradiated with one ultrasonic wave (one piezoelectric transducer) or two counter-propagating waves (two piezoelectric transducers). It turned out that ultrasonic waves, which fall normal to the membrane interface, do not affect the dynamics of luminescence. At the same time, in the case of ultrasonic irradiation in the grazing incidence geometry, sharp jumps in the luminescence intensity occur, and the behavior of these jumps substantially depends on the mode of irradiation: one or two piezoelectric transducers. This allows for control of the dynamics of luminescence from the polymer surface. In accordance with this model, the possibility of altering the luminescence dynamics is due to the effect of unwinding the polymer fibers from the surface toward the liquid bulk upon soaking. It is important that such unwinding does not occur in deuterium-depleted water, which was confirmed in a direct experiment with dynamic light scattering from polydisperse aqueous suspensions of Nafion nanometer-sized particles; these suspensions were prepared in ordinary water and deuterium-depleted water. Thus, ultrasonic irradiation affects the dynamics of luminescence only when Nafion is swollen in ordinary water; in the case of deuterium-depleted water this effect is missed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possibility to Alter Dynamics of Luminescence from Surface of Polymer Membrane with Ultrasonic Waves

et al. 2022

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“…In general, ionic polymer-metal composites consist of a polymeric ion exchange membrane with negative ions fixed on interconnected clusters, fully swollen by water, and a thin layer of noble metal as electrodes, Figure 21. By applying a voltage on this EAP, the hydrated cation begins to move freely towards the cathode through the polymer membrane, which provides channels for their movements; and then cation accumulates on the cathode, causing swelling of the actuator and its bending, Figure 21 [52,72]. The needed low driving voltage (1-5 V), the high ionic conductivity of the electrolyte, fast response, and large deformation are considered the main advantages of this EAP type.…”

Section: Ionic Polymer-metal Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main problem of the water-based ionic polymer-metal actuator, which reduces both actuator efficiency and its lifetime, is the leakage of the water molecules into the cracks of the metal electrodes as a result of the electrolysis and the evaporation of water in the presence of air [77]. In the reference [72], the authors tried to solve this problem by adding polyethylene oxide (PEO) into a Nafion matrix, which has a significant capacity for water retention. They showed that using PEO by 20 wt.% led to a reinforcement of the electromechanical performances and a restriction of the displacement attenuation of the actuator.…”

Section: Ionic Polymer-metal Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroactive Polymer-Based Composites for Artificial Muscle-like Actuators: A Review

et al. 2022

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Unlike traditional actuators, such as piezoelectric ceramic or metallic actuators, polymer actuators are currently attracting more interest in biomedicine due to their unique properties, such as light weight, easy processing, biodegradability, fast response, large active strains, and good mechanical properties. They can be actuated under external stimuli, such as chemical (pH changes), electric, humidity, light, temperature, and magnetic field. Electroactive polymers (EAPs), called ‘artificial muscles’, can be activated by an electric stimulus, and fixed into a temporary shape. Restoring their permanent shape after the release of an electrical field, electroactive polymer is considered the most attractive actuator type because of its high suitability for prosthetics and soft robotics applications. However, robust control, modeling non-linear behavior, and scalable fabrication are considered the most critical challenges for applying the soft robotic systems in real conditions. Researchers from around the world investigate the scientific and engineering foundations of polymer actuators, especially the principles of their work, for the purpose of a better control of their capability and durability. The activation method of actuators and the realization of required mechanical properties are the main restrictions on using actuators in real applications. The latest highlights, operating principles, perspectives, and challenges of electroactive materials (EAPs) such as dielectric EAPs, ferroelectric polymers, electrostrictive graft elastomers, liquid crystal elastomers, ionic gels, and ionic polymer–metal composites are reviewed in this article.

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“…The non-feedback method for eliminating the “back relaxation” effect of non-patterned IPMCs by using a relatively high-frequency disturbance is proved in [ 20 ]. The doping of polyethylene oxide PEO reinforced electromechanical performances and restrained displacement attenuation of the resultant IPMC [ 21 ]. The IPMC-Li samples are used as actuators because of their rapid actuation movement, large displacement and absence of apparent back-relaxation [ 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The IPMCs are characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, cross-sectional morphology and in term of electromechanical performances [ 28 , 29 ]. The IPMCs applications can be found in [ 21 , 30 , 31 , 32 ] since they are the most promising development materials. Although many models are useful for studying the capabilities of electroactive polymers and characterization bench [ 30 , 31 ] this article focuses on design of experimental laboratory stand and characterization of IPMCs materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Laboratory Stand for Displacement Measurement of IPMC Actuators

Koślik

Kowol

Brociek

et al. 2023

Sensors

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The polymer technology based on Electroactive polymers and metal composite ionic polymer has great potential and advantages in many engineering fields. In this paper, a laboratory stand for testing Ionic polymer–metal composites (IPMC) is presented. The laboratory station includes a power supply system and a measuring system for the displacement of IPMC composites. Tests and measurements are carried out using a laser transducer and a camera equipped with image analysis software to determine the IPMC strips displacement. The experimental investigation of IPMCs under different voltage supplies and waveforms, environmental working humidity conditions, temperature, and loading conditions has proved the significant influence of geometric dimension and the effect of increased stress on the displacement value. For materials powered by a higher voltage value, an increased deflection value was noted. In case of displacement, longer is the sample, higher is the displacement value. The length of the sample under load, affects adversely its performance,resulting in an increase in the load on the sample. For samples of a thick size, a more stable movement with and without load can be noticed.

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Performance Enhancement of Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite Actuators with Polyethylene Oxide

Cited by 14 publications

References 36 publications

Possibility to Alter Dynamics of Luminescence from Surface of Polymer Membrane with Ultrasonic Waves

Possibility to Alter Dynamics of Luminescence from Surface of Polymer Membrane with Ultrasonic Waves

Electroactive Polymer-Based Composites for Artificial Muscle-like Actuators: A Review

Design of Laboratory Stand for Displacement Measurement of IPMC Actuators

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