Performance Enhancement of Photovoltaic-Thermal Modules Using a New Environmentally Friendly Paraffin Wax and Red Wine-rGO/H2O Nanofluid

Abstract

Photovoltaic/thermal systems are one of the most efficient types of solar collectors because they absorb solar radiation and generate electricity and heat simultaneously. For the first time, this paper presents an investigation into the impact of red wine-rGO/H2O nanofluid and paraffin wax on the thermohydraulic properties of a photovoltaic/thermal system. The study focuses on three innovative nonlinear arrangements of the serpentine tubes. The effects of these materials and configurations are analyzed through numerical simulations. To improve the performance, environmentally friendly materials, including red wine-rGO/H2O nanofluid and paraffin wax, have been used. Various performative parameters such as electrical and thermal efficiency of the photovoltaic/thermal system, exergy, and nanofluid concentration were investigated. The results demonstrated a significant enhancement in the system’s performance when using innovative serpentine tubes instead of simple tubes for the fluid flow path. The use of paraffin C18 increases electrical efficiency, while the use of paraffin C22 improves thermal efficiency. Moreover, the incorporation of phase change materials along with the utilization of innovative geometries in the serpentine tube led to a notable improvement in the outlet temperature of the fluid, increasing it by 2.43 K. Simultaneously, it substantially reduced the temperature of the photovoltaic cells, lowering it by 21.55 K. In addition, the new model demonstrated significant improvements in both thermal and electrical efficiency compared to the simple model. Specifically, the maximum thermal efficiency improvement reached 69.2%, while the maximum electrical efficiency improvement reached 11.7%.

Assessment of Thermal Performance of Phase-Change Material-Based Multilayer Protective Clothing Exposed to Contact and Radiant Heat

“…For decades, PCMs, due to their useful properties, have been widely used as heat accumulators in installations using renewable energy sources (in particular solar radiation energy-photovoltaic modules) [4][5][6][7]; heat insulators in structural elements of buildings [8][9][10][11][12][13]; temperature stabilizers of food products or medicines (isothermal containers) [14][15][16]; temperature stabilizers of road surfaces [17][18][19]. The use of these materials in multilayer wall structures results in a reduction in daily temperature amplitudes inside the building and a delay in releasing the stored heat.…”