Performance‐enhancing drugs and the Olympics

Watson, C. James; Stone, Genevra L.; Overbeek, Daniel L.; Chiba, Takuyo; Burns, Michele M.

doi:10.1111/joim.13431

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…The use of meldonium by athletes raises ethical concerns regarding fair competition and the potential risks to their health. The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) banned meldonium in 2016 due to the widespread use of the drug among elite athletes without reasonable health justifications [24]. This decision was influenced by the observation of meldonium's extensive use by athletes from Russia and other eastern European countries, raising suspicions of state-supported doping practices [24].…”

Section: Performance Enhancement Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) banned meldonium in 2016 due to the widespread use of the drug among elite athletes without reasonable health justifications [24]. This decision was influenced by the observation of meldonium's extensive use by athletes from Russia and other eastern European countries, raising suspicions of state-supported doping practices [24]. The ban on meldonium was part of WADA's efforts to address the misuse of performance-enhancing substances in sports, reflecting concerns about the potential abuse of substances like meldonium to gain an unfair advantage [25].…”

Section: Performance Enhancement Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unlocking the Potential of Meldonium: From Performance Enhancement to Therapeutic Insights

Bellman

2024

Psychoactives

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Meldonium, a promising pharmacological agent initially developed for cardiovascular indications, has sparked considerable interest in recent years due to its potential performance-enhancing effects. This review manuscript delves into the multifaceted roles of meldonium, examining its pharmacological mechanisms, therapeutic applications, and controversial implications in medicine. Beyond its cardiovascular applications, emerging research has shed light on meldonium’s neuroprotective properties and its potential for mitigating various psychiatric conditions. Moreover, recent investigations have explored meldonium’s potential in treating neurodegenerative disorders, alcohol use disorder, and even enhancing cognitive function. However, meldonium’s journey extends beyond the realm of medicine, as its use among athletes has stirred debates surrounding performance enhancement and fair competition. The substance’s inclusion in the World Anti-Doping Agency’s (WADA) prohibited list has intensified scrutiny and raised ethical considerations regarding its use in sports. This manuscript aims to provide a comprehensive resource for researchers, clinicians, and enthusiasts alike, fostering a deeper understanding of meldonium’s complex biological interactions and its potential contributions to psychiatry.

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Section: Performance Enhancement Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Performance Enhancement Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unlocking the Potential of Meldonium: From Performance Enhancement to Therapeutic Insights

Bellman

2024

Psychoactives

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“…The use of performance-enhancing drugs has progressively increased recently. These drugs are constantly under review by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) [ 52 ]. Side effects are many and depend on the type of substance, the amount and the duration of use, leading in some cases to tragic consequences, including SCD [ 53 ].…”

Section: Causes Of Sudden Cardiac Deathmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sudden Cardiac Death in Athletes: Facts and Fallacies

Lalario

Merro

Sinagra

et al. 2023

JCDD

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The benefits of exercise for cardiovascular and general health are many. However, sudden cardiac death (SCD) may occur in apparently healthy athletes who perform at the highest levels. A diverse spectrum of diseases is implicated in SCD in athletes, and while atherosclerotic coronary artery disease predominates in individuals of >35 years of age, primary cardiomyopathies and ion channelopathies are prevalent in young individuals. Prevention of SCD in athletes relies on the implementation of health policies aimed at the early identification of arrhythmogenic diseases (such as cardiac screening) and successful resuscitation (such as widespread utilization of automatic external defibrillators and training members of the public on cardiopulmonary resuscitation). This review will focus on the epidemiology and aetiologies of SCD in athletes, and examine fallacies in the approach to this controversial field. Furthermore, potential strategies to prevent these tragic events will be discussed, analysing current practice, gaps in knowledge and future directions.

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“…It is also known as performance-enhancing medications and is used to enhance sports ability. 2 It can have negative and long-lasting side properties, including cancer, infertility, sudden death, high blood pressure, nosebleeds, heart attacks, psychosis, sinusitis, and tremors 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosensor Development in Sports Doping With Dexamethasone

Purnama

Doewes

Elumalai

et al. 2023

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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Introduction: Dexamethasone is a type of drug that is considered a steroid. It belongs to a class of drugs known as corticosteroids. Objective: Develop an electrochemical sensor of dexamethasone in a pharmaceutical sample using electrodes modified with nanostructures of MnO2 and reduced graphene oxide (MnO2/rGO). The glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) used to make the GO nanostructures were first modified using a modified Hummers technique before electrochemically reduced. Methods: MnO2 nanomaterials were electrochemically deposited on rGO/GCE. SEM structural investigation indicated vertical tetragonal crystal development of -MnO2 nanostructures in sprayed rGO nanostructures. Results: Because of the high composite surface area, multiple exposed active sites, and the synergistic effect of MnO2 and rGO, the electrocatalytic reaction to dexamethasone of MnO2/rGO/CPE was shown to be broad, selective, stable, and sensitive in electrochemical tests using amperometry. It was established that the linear range, sensitivities, and detection limit of the sensor are 0 to 260 µM, 4.6153µA/µM and 0.005 µM, respectively. The MnO2/rGO/CPE was tested for accuracy and applicability in determining dexamethasone in pharmacological and human urine samples. Conclusion: The results revealed that the sensor could prepare acceptable recovery (96.34%) and RSD (3.58%), suggesting that it could be used as a reliable dexamethasone sensor in clinical samples. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - Investigation of treatment outcomes.

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Performance‐enhancing drugs and the Olympics

Cited by 12 publications

References 79 publications

Unlocking the Potential of Meldonium: From Performance Enhancement to Therapeutic Insights

Unlocking the Potential of Meldonium: From Performance Enhancement to Therapeutic Insights

Sudden Cardiac Death in Athletes: Facts and Fallacies

Biosensor Development in Sports Doping With Dexamethasone

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