Performance-enhancing role of dietary fatty acids in a long-distance migrant shorebird: the semipalmated sandpiper

Maillet, Dominique; Weber, Jean‐Michel

doi:10.1242/jeb.02299

Cited by 114 publications

(147 citation statements)

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“…Phospholipids were separated by resuspending total lipids in chloroform before loading on solid-phase extraction columns (Supelclean 1 ml, 100 mg LC-NH2; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO). Neutral lipids, nonesterified FAs and phospholipids were separated by sequential elution using solvents of increasing polarity: isopropyl ether : acetic acid (98 : 2 v/v), chloroform : isopropanol (3 : 2 v/v) and methanol [37]. The FA composition of membrane phospholipids was measured after acid transesterification in 1 M acetyl chloride and methanol (908C for 2 h).…”

Section: (B) Fatty Acid Composition Of Membrane Phospholipidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Setting the pace of life: membrane composition of flight muscle varies with metabolic rate of hovering orchid bees

et al. 2015

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Patterns of metabolic rate variation have been documented extensively in animals, but their functional basis remains elusive. The membrane pacemaker hypothesis proposes that the relative abundance of polyunsaturated fatty acids in membrane phospholipids sets the metabolic rate of organisms. Using species of tropical orchid bees spanning a 16-fold range in body size, we show that the flight muscles of smaller bees have more linoleate (%18 : 3) and stearate (%18 : 0), but less oleate (%18 : 1). More importantly, flight metabolic rate (FlightMR) varies with the relative abundance of 18 : 3 according to the predictions of the membrane pacemaker hypothesis. Although this relationship was found across large differences in metabolic rate, a direct association could not be detected when taking phylogeny and body mass into account. Higher FlightMR, however, was related to lower %16 : 0, independent of phylogeny and body mass. Therefore, this study shows that flight muscle membrane composition plays a significant role in explaining diversity in FlightMR, but that body mass and phylogeny are other factors contributing to their variation. Multiple factors are at play to modulate metabolic capacity, and changing membrane composition can have gradual and stepwise effects to achieve a new range of metabolic rates. Orchid bees illustrate the correlated evolution between membrane composition and metabolic rate, supporting the functional link proposed in the membrane pacemaker hypothesis.

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Section: (B) Fatty Acid Composition Of Membrane Phospholipidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Setting the pace of life: membrane composition of flight muscle varies with metabolic rate of hovering orchid bees

et al. 2015

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“…However, even in the fattest predeparture migrants, pectoralis fat stores comprise <5% of the total body fat stores (Maillet and Weber, 2006). Liver lipid contents in fat migratory sandpipers were shown to be low (35 mg g −1 wet tissue) and did not change during fattening (Maillet and Weber, 2006;Napolitano and Ackman, 1990). Despite large changes in body fat, the liver lipid content of gray catbirds was found to remain near 60-80 mg g −1 wet mass through the wintering, breeding and migratory seasons (Corder et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…By human standards, migratory birds reach obese levels of fatness (with fat sometimes comprising >50% of their body mass). Birds store fat in as many as 16 bodily locations, with the majority of the fat stored in sub-cutaneous adipose depots (Berthold, 1993;Blem, 1976;Maillet and Weber, 2006;Pond, 1978). Fat is also stored in mesenteries and connective tissue in the abdominal cavity, sometimes enveloping the intestines (Blem, 1976;Pond, 1978; C.G.G., personal observation).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The enlargement of adipocytes rather than hyperplasia is thought to mainly explain increases in adipose storage (Blem, 1976;Ramenofsky et al, 1999). Triacylglycerol deposits within bird flight muscles increase nonlinearly as birds fatten to a maximum of ∼60-80 mg g −1 wet tissue (DeMoranville, 2015;Maillet and Weber, 2006;Marsh, 1984;Napolitano and Ackman, 1990). However, even in the fattest predeparture migrants, pectoralis fat stores comprise <5% of the total body fat stores (Maillet and Weber, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Triacylglycerol deposits within bird flight muscles increase nonlinearly as birds fatten to a maximum of ∼60-80 mg g −1 wet tissue (DeMoranville, 2015;Maillet and Weber, 2006;Marsh, 1984;Napolitano and Ackman, 1990). However, even in the fattest predeparture migrants, pectoralis fat stores comprise <5% of the total body fat stores (Maillet and Weber, 2006). Liver lipid contents in fat migratory sandpipers were shown to be low (35 mg g −1 wet tissue) and did not change during fattening (Maillet and Weber, 2006;Napolitano and Ackman, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Obese super athletes: fat-fueled migration in birds and bats

Guglielmo

2018

Journal of Experimental Biology

133

112

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Migratory birds are physiologically specialized to accumulate massive fat stores (up to 50-60% of body mass), and to transport and oxidize fatty acids at very high rates to sustain flight for many hours or days. Target gene, protein and enzyme analyses and recent -omic studies of bird flight muscles confirm that high capacities for fatty acid uptake, cytosolic transport, and oxidation are consistent features that make fat-fueled migration possible. Augmented circulatory transport by lipoproteins is suggested by field data but has not been experimentally verified. Migratory bats have high aerobic capacity and fatty acid oxidation potential; however, endurance flight fueled by adipose-stored fat has not been demonstrated. Patterns of fattening and expression of muscle fatty acid transporters are inconsistent, and bats may partially fuel migratory flight with ingested nutrients. Changes in energy intake, digestive capacity, liver lipid metabolism and body temperature regulation may contribute to migratory fattening. Although control of appetite is similar in birds and mammals, neuroendocrine mechanisms regulating seasonal changes in fuel store set-points in migrants remain poorly understood. Triacylglycerol of birds and bats contains mostly 16 and 18 carbon fatty acids with variable amounts of 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 depending on diet. Unsaturation of fat converges near 70% during migration, and unsaturated fatty acids are preferentially mobilized and oxidized, making them good fuel. Twenty and 22 carbon n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) may affect membrane function and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling. However, evidence for dietary PUFA as doping agents in migratory birds is equivocal and requires further study.

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Ecology of Storage and Allocation of Resources: Animals

Pond

2011

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Most organisms store lipids and/or carbohydrates for energy production during fasting. Lipids store much more energy per unit mass. Long‐chain fatty acids are absorbed and stored almost unaltered, so serve as indicators of natural diets and food chains. Vertebrates and higher arthropods have tissues specialised for lipid storage and management. Adipocytes are 40–85% triacylglycerols and occur in various intra‐abdominal and superficial sites in all tetrapods and some fish. Some mammalian adipose depots have site‐specific properties specialised to local, paracrine interactions with adjacent cells and tissues. In mammals, adipocyte volume is determined by anatomical location, body size and natural diet as well as fatness. The anatomical patterns of relative sizes of adipocytes are similar in all terrestrial mammals but species differ in the relative abundance of adipocytes in each depot. The chemical compositions of storage molecules are adapted to the ecological processes they serve, including migration, hibernation, lactation or unpredictable food supply. Storage of energy and other materials is essential to many aspects of animals' ecology. Adipose tissue can reach 50% body mass before migration or breeding fasts with superficial depots expanding most, especially in large vertebrates. Key Concepts: Storage is essential unless nutrients are continuously available. Storage materials must minimise weight, volume and toxicity; some vitamins and minerals are too toxic to be stored in more than small quantities. In animals, glycogen and acylglycerols can be safely stored in large quantities and metabolised to produce energy and/or tissues. Much more energy can be stored as lipid than as glycogen, though the latter is more quickly mobilised. The chemical composition of storage lipids is adapted to body temperature and the ecological processes that they support. Triacylglycerols of cold‐adapted poikilotherms and hibernating mammals have more unsaturated fatty acids than those of homeotherms. Some migratory birds maximises energy density and efficient mobilisation of the storage lipids during prolonged flight by adaptive desaturation. Specialised lipid storage tissues include the arthropod fat body and vertebrate adipose tissue that sequesters large quantities of triacylglycerols. Vertebrate adipocytes are nearly spherical cells, 0.01–4 nL in volume, specialised to take up, hold and release storage lipids and to the regulation of appetite and metabolism. In mammals, the mean volume of adipocytes is determined by anatomical location, body size and natural diet as well as by fatness. Some mammalian adipocytes have site‐specific properties specialised to paracrine interactions.

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Performance-enhancing role of dietary fatty acids in a long-distance migrant shorebird: the semipalmated sandpiper

Cited by 114 publications

References 51 publications

Setting the pace of life: membrane composition of flight muscle varies with metabolic rate of hovering orchid bees

Setting the pace of life: membrane composition of flight muscle varies with metabolic rate of hovering orchid bees

Obese super athletes: fat-fueled migration in birds and bats

Ecology of Storage and Allocation of Resources: Animals

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