“…We have made an inventory of the tools and methods that estimate costs during the design phase, such as the parameter methods (Department of Defense 1999), Feature Based Costing (Wierda 1991, Ou-Yang andLin 1997), Activity Based Costing (Cokins 1998), estimates based on neural networks (Smith andMason 1997, Bode 1998) and analogous methods called case-based reasoning (Aamodt and Plaza 1994). Product design solutions or even production system solutions can be evaluated using other tools that are not based on a speci®c criterion (Senechal and Tahon 1997, Almeida et al 1998, Aurand et al 1998, Eversheim et al 1998, Borenstein 2000, Nandula and Dutta 2000, Chen et al 2001, Zimmermann et al 2001. These assessment methods are often speci®c to a few stages in the development cycle and do not deal with the whole process.…”