Educational informatization has become the only way for mankind to enter the information age, and the application of educational resource library is a key issue in the integration of information technology disciplines. Aiming at the shortcomings of existing college physical education management technology, this article is dedicated to developing a new online management platform for physical education. Firstly, the introduction of edge computing technology in the architecture design of college physical education system can fully improve the efficiency of the management system. Secondly, based on data cleaning, the BP neural network algorithm modified by particle swarm is used to conduct in-depth analysis of the data of the university sports teaching management system and obtain corresponding optimization measures. Finally, it is verified in actual tests that the system can quickly perform data search, entry, modification, deletion, and other operations, which can ensure the realization of the school sports department’s networked, scientific, standardized, and digitalized management of physical education resources.