Performance evaluation of forwarding protocols for the RACUN network

Abstract

In this paper, we discuss the performance of different network protocols for RACUN, a European Defence Agency project with the objective of demonstrating ad hoc underwater networks for multiple purposes related to security. The RACUN network is designed for long-range communications over areas of large size, hence a very important role is played by the network protocols employed. We show that the channel realizations observed in typical scenarios and the physical layer schemes available in the project lead to significant bit error rates. Therefore, the protocols that offer some inherent form of redundancy, as in the case of flooding-based protocols, tend to yield better performance than protocols based on the exchange of signaling traffic. In support of this statement, we simulate two scenarios for the RACUN network over channel realizations that are statistically derived from real channel measurements. Our results provide insight on the advantages and drawbacks of the different packet forwarding strategies, and confirm that flooding-based approaches perform better. In addition, we prove how splitting packets into multiple fragments to match the modem's maximum service data unit significantly limits the performance

Performance analysis of underwater network protocols within international sea trial

“…Altogether, the demonstration confirmed the preceding simulation results performed in the beginning of the RACUN project, which were presented in [4]. In the simulations, GUWMANET also performed best in both scenarios followed by Dflood.…”

“…Network simulations performed before the sea trial used empirical models for the propagation loss and ambient noise, and channel-replay based impulse responses [4]. The empirical models yield an SNR as a function of range alone.…”

“…The activities have covered all communication aspects, starting from physical layer methods, over network protocols up to application design. Moreover, channel modelling and network simulations were performed to compare different network protocols and physical layer methods in advance; details can be found in [4].…”

Wireless Remote Control for Underwater Vehicles

“…Due to the high cost of good-quality LF and MF transducers with a wide bandwidth (the cost of the single transducer can easily exceed 2 kEUR, i.e., 2000 EURO), research and industrial prototypes of high-performance LF and MF acoustic modems are mostly developed by navy-related research institutes and companies, such as TNO [43], FOI [44], FFI [45], Wärtsilä ELAC [46], and L3HARRIS [47], that are specifically interested in very-long-range communications for surveillance applications [48]. Also, the JANUS North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) standard focuses on LF and MF frequency bands [49].…”

The DESERT underwater framework v2: Improved capabilities and extension tools

“…DESERT was established to simulate and experiment underwater acoustic networks, and features an increasingly broader community of users. Among others, SINTEF (Norway) employed DESERT for an under-ice sensing project [13], the RACUN consortium adopted DESERT for code reuse between simulations and experimentation [14], [15], and SPAWAR (San Diego, CA) is using DESERT as a realistic simulation engine. DESERT is also receiving contributions through its dedicated mailing list with the majority of users located in Asia, Europe and the US.…”