Performance Evaluation of FSO System under Atmospheric Turbulence and Noise

Sridhar, B.; Sridhar, S.; Nanchariah, V.

doi:10.1007/s40031-022-00789-5

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…FSO link visibility (V) and attenuation at 785 nm under different weather conditions is investigated in [32,33]. FSO links must meet the accessibility [34] and availability standard of 99.999% for data transport [35], which means the FSO link being down for 5 min over a year, i.e., [(525,600 − 5)/525,600] × 100 ≈ 99.999%. Note that where the information speed exceeds the requisite value, the link performance is measured in terms of the time average, T av [36], as a function of the probability loss (p(α A )) as given by [37] T av = 100%…”

Section: Working and Installation Principles Of Unguided Optical Comm...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…E out (f c ) is the amplitude modulation function for smaller values of m as well as for the first order linear Bessel function [35]. Phase modulation can also be completed using MZM by applying an equal amount of voltage to both the arms.…”

Section: Radio-over-fso and Integrated Fso-rf Antenna Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Equation (35), NLED is the total number of LEDs considered to be the same, and each LED is assumed to transmit the same amount of power. In addition, p n is the Nth LED's power spectral distribution (PSD).…”

Section: Visible Light Communication (Vlc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review–Unguided Optical Communications: Developments, Technology Evolution, and Challenges

et al. 2023

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This review paper discusses the complete evolution of free-space optical (FSO) communication, also known as unguided optical communication (UOC) technologies, all the way back to ancient man’s fire to today’s machine-learning-supported UOC systems. The principles, significance, and developments that have happened over the past several decades, as well as installation methodologies, technological limitations, and today’s challenges of UOCs are presented. All the subsets of UOC: FSO communication, underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC), and visible light communication (VLC), with their technology/system developments, potential applications, and limitations are reviewed. The state-of-the-art developments/achievements in (i) FSO channel effects and their mitigation techniques; (ii) radio-over-FSO techniques; (iii) wavelength division multiplexing and sub-carrier multiplexing techniques; (iv) FSO for worldwide interoperability for microwave access applications; (v) space optical satellite communication (SOSC); (vi) UWOC; (vii) photoacoustic communication (PAC); (viii) light-fidelity; (ix) VLC; (x) vehicular VLC (V2LC); and (xi) optical camera communication are reviewed. In addition, the current developments on emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (to improve the performance of UOC systems), energy harvesting (for the effective utilization of UOC channels), and near-future communication network scenarios (mandatory for secured broadband digital links) are covered. Finally, in brief, to achieve the full potential of UOC systems, challenges that require immediate research attention are summarized.

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Section: Working and Installation Principles Of Unguided Optical Comm...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Radio-over-fso and Integrated Fso-rf Antenna Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review–Unguided Optical Communications: Developments, Technology Evolution, and Challenges

et al. 2023

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EDFA Controlled Spectral Efficient MIMO Free Space Optic Links for Mitigation of Climatic Turbulence Conditions

Gupta,

Goel

2023

Wireless Pers Commun

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Hybrid RoF-RoFSO system for broadband services by incorporating polarization division multiplexing scheme

Sharma,

Mishra,

Singh

et al. 2023

Journal of Optical Communications

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The limited bandwidth of traditional wireless carriers presents a challenge for delivering high-speed broadband services. To address this, radio-over-free space optics (Ro-FSO) emerges as a viable solution, seamlessly integrating wireless and optical systems. This integration is particularly valuable in sensitive environments such as hospitals, where electromagnetic interference can disrupt medical equipment. Ro-FSO provides interference-free high-speed data transmission, making it an ideal choice for broadband services, including WLANs. This study presents a high-speed Ro-FSO link capable of simultaneously transmitting two independent channels, each carrying 1 Gbps data up-converted to the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz RF bands over a 5 km SMF and 4200 m FSO channel. The incorporation of polarization division multiplexing enhances the spectral efficiency of the Ro-FSO link. Our findings demonstrate the successful transmission of both channels meeting the required bit error rate (BER) and eye pattern criteria.

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Performance Evaluation of FSO System under Atmospheric Turbulence and Noise

Cited by 4 publications

References 18 publications

A Review–Unguided Optical Communications: Developments, Technology Evolution, and Challenges

A Review–Unguided Optical Communications: Developments, Technology Evolution, and Challenges

EDFA Controlled Spectral Efficient MIMO Free Space Optic Links for Mitigation of Climatic Turbulence Conditions

Hybrid RoF-RoFSO system for broadband services by incorporating polarization division multiplexing scheme

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