Performance evaluation of industrial Ethernet protocols for networked control application

Traffic characterization in a communications channel for monitoring and control in real-time systems

“…Therefore, the standard parameters have been modified for some applications in the industry [16][17] [18], but the high cost of the industrial protocols, that enables the interconnection from devices to the network, it has lead to the exploration of new alternatives, applying Ethernet and extending this application through the Internet and supported with the protocol synchronization NTP (Network Time Protocol) [19]. Similarly, ethernet features have been studied for industrial applications [20] as maximum transfer delay, jitter in transmission, available bandwidth, packet loss [21] and the network latency should also be into account, as well as the time demanded by the servers to answer the customers [22], since this affects the real-time conditions of the system [23]. The authors [24] relate three kinds of real-time: the first is real-time software with scalable cycle time for factory and process automation, the second is for more demanding responses where the cycle time ranges between 1 ms and 10 ms for control processes and finally the third class requires an isochronous (constant rhythm, with periods of equal duration) real-time with cycle time between 250 us and 1 ms and a phase fluctuation of less than 1 us for motion control.…”

“…The characterization space was made up using 32 features (see Table 1), 𝑋 = {𝑥 1 , 𝑥 2 … , 𝑥 32 }, related to traffic, jitter, processing time, and hardware state (like CPU performance and memory). These features were acquired in 480 instances, divided into two groups: group 1 (high congestion, 240 × 32) and group 2 (low congestion, 240 × 32 Traffic sum (rate -kbps) 𝑥 13 Traffic in (volume -kB) 𝑥 14 Traffic in (rate -kbps) 𝑥 15 Traffic out (volume -kB) 𝑥 16 Traffic out (rate -kbps) 𝑥 17 Unicast in (volume -paq) 𝑥 18 Unicast in (rate -paq/s) 𝑥 19 Unicast out (volume -paq) 𝑥 20 Unicast out (rate -paq/s)…”

“…Later, the trend was to use the same network technology at all levels in the industrial organizations [31] [32]. Mainly, these network architectures are based on the Ethernet standard, which is used for its advantages in interconnecting industrial devices and giving the possibility of improving performance in realtime applications [33] [34].…”

Transport layer and Synchronization for Smart Grid and Industrial Internet in 5G Networks

“…To enable consistent system wide functionality, distributed sensors, actuators and controlling devices need to be time synchronised. PROFINET utilizes Precision Transparent Clock Protocol (PTCP), a modified version of IEEE 1588-2008 [7]. IEEE 1588 Precision Time Protocol (PTP) allows an up-to sub-microsecond level accuracy in an Ethernet network [8].…”

Performance evaluation of industrial ethernet protocols for real-time fault detection based adaptive observer in networked control systems with network communication constraints

“…The practical guideline for selecting the right protocol in industrial networked control systems (NCSs) is provided in [12], [19]. The evaluated the performance of MPOLSR protocol and MDART protocol using NS-2 based on the success delivery rate and packet loss bas been studied in [20]. Inspired by the above discussions, the main goal of this paper is to devoted to FD of NCS subject to both random communication delays, stochastic packet losses, limited communication and access constraints.…”