The protection and management of lakes is closely related to people's quality of life and the rapid development of urban economy, and it is also an important aspect of realizing ecological sustainability. Hubei Province has over 1000 lakes, so the importance of the protection and governance of lakes is self-evident. Since the Lake Protection Regulations of Hubei Province came into being, Hubei Province has achieved the gradual extension and improvement of the system of responsibility for the protection of the lake. In order to understand the development of the system of responsibility for the protection of the lake and to explore the shortcomings in the implementation of the lake management system, this paper takes Wuhan city, capital of Hubei Province, as an example, as the object of research and evaluates the implementation effect of the lake protection mechanism and system after the promulgation of Hubei Province Lake Protection Regulations. According to the evaluation results, since the implementation of the regulations, the formal protection of lakes in Wuhan city has been promoted step by step, and the effect of lake management has also been remarkable. The government attaches great importance to lake protection, and the enthusiasm of government staff participating in this is increasing. However, the evaluation results also reveal some weaknesses of the current system of lake protection and governance, including the protection of lake quality, the perfection of the annual appraisal system and the administrative responsibility system, and the optimization of the lake garbage disposal system. On the basis of the results, this paper puts forward countermeasures and ideas to perfect the mechanism and system of lake protection and management in Wuhan city, in order to provide reference for the lake protection and management in other areas.