Performance Evaluation of Ramjet Fuel Grains with Boron and Magnesium Additives

Jung, Wanyeong; Yun, Yongtae; Kim, Kyu-seop; Park, Juhyeon; Kwon, Sejin

doi:10.2514/6.2018-4873

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Solid solutions of Mg/B should demonstrate better performance when dispersed in liquid fuels compared to Mg/B mechanical mixtures due to the possibility that Mg and B will not remain in proximity of each other when dispersed, which can reduce the benefits of physically mixing Mg with B. 36,37,39 5. CONCLUSIONS We synthesized and characterized energetic Mg/B solid solutions with an average particle size of 550 nm by a selfpropagating high-temperature solid-state synthesis (SHS) reaction between sub-micrometer-sized particles of B and Mg.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mg/B solid solutions are preferred over Mg/B mechanical mixtures because of the enhanced heat release upon oxidation (38% higher) and longer shelf life due to the presence of a passivation shell on the surface. Solid solutions of Mg/B should demonstrate better performance when dispersed in liquid fuels compared to Mg/B mechanical mixtures due to the possibility that Mg and B will not remain in proximity of each other when dispersed, which can reduce the benefits of physically mixing Mg with B. ,, …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a high-energy-density material, Mg has been successfully used as a propellant additive in aerospace and underwater propulsion systems. − It has good combustion characteristics and comparatively low melting (∼600 °C) and boiling (∼1100 °C) points, properties that facilitate ignition and promote complete oxidation. , The addition of Mg as an additive or in the form of a compound with B (MgB 2 ) further increases the extent of oxidation and improves combustion efficiency. − The preignition of Mg can induce the ignition of B by elevating the local temperature during oxidation. − The formation of ternary oxides containing Mg, B, and O delays the formation of B 2 O 3 during oxidation and minimizes molten B 2 O 3 impeding the oxidation of the underlying B metal. However, the measured heat release from Mg/B mechanical mixtures and Mg borides was less than ∼45% of the theoretical gravimetric energy density of B due to their incomplete oxidation and the presence of B oxide, which acts as a diffusional barrier during oxidation. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Synthesis and Characterization of Magnesium/Boron Solid Solutions for Energetic Applications

Agarwal

Jensen

Chen

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A major problem limiting boron (B) use as a fuel or fuel additive is the native oxide layer present at the surface, which acts as a diffusion barrier at the boron/oxidizer interface. A requirement for improving the reactivity and exothermicity during the oxidation of B particles is to reduce the thickness of the native oxide. This can be achieved by the addition of reactive metals with reasonable gravimetric energy density, such as Mg, in the form of a mechanical mixture or alloyed compounds, which can undergo an exothermic redox reaction to reduce native oxide and enrich metallic B. Herein, we develop an approach to synthesize Mg/B solid solutions through a self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) reaction at 500 °C leading to the formation of an outer shell comprised of Mg, MgO, and MgB 2 around a B core as demonstrated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy energy dispersive spectroscopy (HAADF-STEM-EDS). Particle size analysis by dynamic light scattering (DLS) shows a size distribution with an average size of 550 nm. The low synthesis temperature minimizes sintering and is inherently free of organic contamination compared to other available methods. The core−shell architecture offers two advantages: extension of the shelf life of B particles by the formation of a passivation shell and in addition to the exothermic oxidation of Mg, MgB 2 , and B, an exothermic redox reaction occurs between Mg and native B 2 O 3 to produce additional B fuel, culminating in a synergistic interaction that leads to increased heat release. Thermal analysis shows the promotional effect of Mg on B oxidation with increased heat release (24% higher) and higher oxidative stability than Mg and B under identical conditions. Synthesized Mg/B solid solutions release 90% of the theoretical energy density of Mg/B and thus show promise as energetic materials.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Synthesis and Characterization of Magnesium/Boron Solid Solutions for Energetic Applications

Agarwal

Jensen

Chen

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It can be throttled easily by adjusting the oxidizer mass flow rate. Therefore, the hybrid rocket motor is highly suitable as the throttle-able rocket motor [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Figure 1 shows a typical hybrid rocket motor.…”

Section: -2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, aluminum Nano-particle gives higher combustion efficiencies, better heat transfer, and a reduced ignition delay and burn time [23]. On the other hand, boron has taken interest from many researchers due to higher volumetric heat release than aluminum, but its use is limited due to its difficulty with ignition which can lead to low combustion efficiencies [22] According to [10], boron is a very attractive material in terms of energy density and burning rate. Moreover, Korotkikh et al (2016) found that replacement of aluminum powder by boron and magnesium reduces the mass fraction of condensed products in the combustion chamber of the solid rocket motor.…”

Section: -2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ballistic test investigation of hybrid rocket motor utilizing stearic acid biofuel with energetic additives for regression rate enhancement

Ahmad

Jagannathan

Abidin

et al. 2021

AIP Conference Proceedings

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This research evaluates a novel composition based on Stearic Acid (SA) wax fuel, enriched with aluminium and carbon nanotubes (CNT) for hybrid propulsion system by carrying out a ballistic test. Benchmarking the aluminium doped hybrid fuel with the SA wax fuel, the former reveal lesser viscosity which leads to relatively improved entrainment-aided combustion. In contrast to the pure SA fuel, fine aluminium powder doped hybrid fuels show solid-like behavior, and hence greater stability in the solid phase. The loading of ultrafine aluminium powder substantially improves the efficacy of fuel regression during ballistic firing.

show abstract

Effects of the Air Inlet Angle on the Combustion and Ablation Environment of a Hybrid Powder-Solid Ramjet

Wang

Wen

Zha

et al. 2022

International Journal of Aerospace Engineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A hybrid powder-solid ramjet (HPSR) that combined the advantages of a solid rocket ramjet (SRJ) and a powder ramjet engine was investigated in this research. To improve the combustion efficiency and optimize the inner wall thermal protection of the afterburner, the effects of the air inlet angle on the combustion and wall ablation environment were studied. The standard k - ε model, the eddy-dissipation model (EDM), and the boron particle ignition and combustion model were adopted to simulate the two-phase flow in the afterburners with different air inlet angles (45°, 60°, 75°, and 90°). The results showed that the global flow field and the distribution of the vortexes in the afterburner that had a significant influence on the ablation environment of the inner wall and the combustion efficiency were determined by the impact effect and the squeezing effect of the ram air on the primary fuel gas, which was affected by the air inlet angle. As the air inlet angle increased, the total combustion efficiency of the four cases first increased and then decreased, reaching 80.38%, 81.64%, 84.34%, and 83.26% for angles of 45°, 60°, 75°, and 90°, respectively. At the same time, the inner wall ablation became more severe because both the erosion effect of the condensed phase particles and the gas-flow scouring effect were enhanced, and a large temperature gradient was generated on the inner wall. The study results can provide a reference for designing the air inlet angle of an HPSR.

show abstract

Performance Evaluation of Ramjet Fuel Grains with Boron and Magnesium Additives

Cited by 4 publications

References 10 publications

Synthesis and Characterization of Magnesium/Boron Solid Solutions for Energetic Applications

Synthesis and Characterization of Magnesium/Boron Solid Solutions for Energetic Applications

Ballistic test investigation of hybrid rocket motor utilizing stearic acid biofuel with energetic additives for regression rate enhancement

Effects of the Air Inlet Angle on the Combustion and Ablation Environment of a Hybrid Powder-Solid Ramjet

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About