Performance Evaluation of Triple-Frequency GPS/Galileo Techniques for Precise Static and Kinematic Applications

Abstract

The objective of this research was to develop new precise point positioning (PPP) processing models using triple-frequency GPS/Galileo observations. Different triple-frequency PPP models were developed including undifferenced, between-satellite single-difference (BSSD) and semi-decoupled PPP models. Additionally, a dual-frequency ionosphere-free undifferenced PPP model was developed. The performance of our developed PPP models was evaluated for both static and kinematic applications. To validate the proposed PPP models for static applications, triple-frequency GPS/Galileo observations spanning three successive days from eight globally distributed reference stations were acquired. Then, the observations were processed using the four static PPP solutions. It is found that the 3D positioning accuracy of the triple-frequency semi-decoupled, BSSD and undifferenced PPP models is enhanced after 10 min by about 50, 41 and 29%, respectively, compared with the dual-frequency undifferenced PPP model. After 20 min of processing, improvements in the 3D positioning accuracy by 40, 31 and 21% are obtained for the triple-frequency semi-decoupled, BSSD and undifferenced PPP models, respectively, with respect to the dual-frequency PPP model. The 3D positioning accuracy is also improved after 60 min, compared with the dual-frequency solution, by 40, 40 and 35% for the triple-frequency semi-decoupled, BSSD and undifferenced PPP solutions, respectively. For kinematic application validation, a vehicle trajectory was carried out. The collected triple-frequency GPS/Galileo observations were processed using the four kinematic PPP solutions. It is shown that the triple-frequency semi-decupled, BSSD and undifferenced PPP solutions enhance the 3D positioning accuracy by 31, 23 and 10%, respectively, in comparison with the dual-frequency undifferenced PPP solutions.

Carrier Phase Dual One-Way Ranging Method Based on a Frequency Hopping Signal

“…The former can obtain high-precision carrier phase positioning results via satellite orbit, messages, etc. [16,17]. Multifrequency carrier phase measurements transmit signals simultaneously at multiple frequency points via satellites.…”

Evaluation of Triple-Frequency GPS/Galileo/Beidou Kinematic Precise Point Positioning Using Real-Time CNES Products for Maritime Applications

“…The convergence time of the triple-frequency ionospherefree solution was better than the two solutions. Abd Rabbou et al (2021) developed new triplefrequency GPS/Galileo PPP processing models, including undifferenced, BSSD, and semidecoupled models. In addition, the traditional ionosphere-free dual-frequency PPP model has been used.…”

Kinematic Galileo and GPS Performances in Aerial, Terrestrial, and Maritime Environments

“…A multi GNSS single-frequency RTK study was presented in [12]. The performance of Galileo PPP using different frequencies was also examined in more recent studies, including triple-frequency, triple-constellation Precise-Point Positioning-Ambiguity Resolution (PPP-AR) models [13], triple-frequency single-constellation PPP solutions [14], triple-frequency GPS/Galileo PPP models [15], dual-and multi-frequency and multi-constellations combinations [16], and changes from the PPP approach to PPP-AR [17], for precise static and kinematic applications.…”